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评课的心得体会范文

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- With Chinese banks' record new lending in 2009 igniting fears about asset bubbles and bad loan, the banking regulator's latest rules aim to bring financial risk under control.The new directives order banks to focus on loan quality control, rather than quantity restriction, and aim to make loans flow to the real economy -- rather than the property and stock markets, which are susceptible to asset bubble formation.Analysts say the directives are a smart way to handle the policy dilemma the central bank faced: with inflationary pressures growing after increased money supply, how can monetary policy be tightened without hurting the fragile economic recovery?The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) issued new regulations on Saturday evening telling banks to set lending quotas after "prudent calculation" of borrowers' "actual demand".It also reiterated working capital should not finance fixed-asset investment and equity stakes. The new rules also ask lenders to give funds directly to the end user declared by the borrower, instead of directly giving it to the debtor, in an effort to ensure loans are used for their declared purpose.Execution of the directives will help banks exit the "credit stimulus spree", as they pay more attention to risk control. The directives are crucial for the banks' sustainable expansion, said Yu Xiaoyi, analyst with Guangfa Securities.Loose oversight and easy monetary policy have led to many banks developing the bad habit of being excited about loan extension but indifferent to the tracking of loan use, which can result in credit appropriation, an unnamed insider told Xinhua.That allowed many Chinese enterprises to borrow much more than they needed in order to speculate with various types of investment, even though they had ample funds on hand for their routine business operations.In support of the government's 4-trillion yuan stimulus package, Chinese banks lent an unprecedented 9.6 trillion yuan in 2009, nearly half of 2009 gross domestic product.Researchers said that large amounts of the borrowed funds went into property and stock market speculation, further pushing up soaring house prices and further inflating asset bubbles.According to official data released by CBRC, some regions reported two to three percent of funds were misappropriated.Wang Kejin, an official with the Supervision Rules and Regulation Department of CBRC, told Xinhua "the current working capital and individual loans exceeded real market demand,"The inadequate monitoring of loan use demands improvement, otherwise creditors will suffer losses and systemic risks will build, the CBRC said in a statement on its website."Our purpose was to prevent it happening," the statement said.Ba Shusong, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, China's cabinet, said the new rules will further strengthen credit risk controls and put a "brake" on lending and keep the financial system in good health,Guo Tianyong, a professor with the Central University of Finance and Economics, said the new directive will prevent systemic risk after the rapid expansion in credit.Although the CBRC and the nation's central bank have repeatedly warned banks to maintain an even pace in lending growth and to avoid big fluctuations, new yuan loans hit a massive 1.39 trillion yuan in January, as banks scrambled to lend before an expected tightening in credit later in the year.CBRC chairman Liu Mingkang said on Jan. 27 the Chinese government is aiming to restrict credit supply to 7.5 trillion yuan (about 1.1 trillion U.S.dollars) in 2010.Analysts expect short-term loans to fall significantly on account of tougher lending requirements that prevent businesses using new loans to repay old credit, a phenomena rampant when bill financing with 180-day maturity comprised nearly half of new loans in the first quarter of 2009.To soak up the excess liquidity on the heels of lending spree, China has raised the deposit reserve requirement ratio (RRR) twice this year, after holding it steady for over a year, to handle the "comparatively loose liquidity" while keeping the "moderately easy" monetary policy unchanged.Jing Ulrich, Chairman of China Equities and Commodities at JP Morgan Chase, estimated China's new lending would fall 17 percent this year as the government takes steps to prevent inflation."While lending support for real economic activity is expected to continue, banks are likely to be more vigilant on shorter term credit facilities, given the regulator's anxiety over asset bubbles and capital adequacy ratios," she said.

BEIJING, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Chinese economists are again concerned about the value of the country's dollar-denominated assets after the U.S. government's budget plan unveiled Monday forecast a record deficit for 2010.The economists are worried that, if the Congress approved the budget plan, the U.S. federal government will issue more bonds and print more money to finance the deficit, which may prompt dollar depreciation. Dollar depreciation erodes the value of China's holdings of dollar-denominated assets.The same fears took hold almost one year ago when the U.S. government said it would issue up to 2.56 trillion U.S. dollars of treasury bond debt to stimulate the economy to get through the recession.This time the budget deficit is larger. The Obama administration on Monday proposed a budget of 3.83 trillion U.S. dollars for fiscal year 2011 with a forecast deficit of 1.56 trillion U.S. dollars in 2010.The planned fiscal deficit is 10.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) - up from a 9.9 percent share in 2009 - the largest deficit as measured against GDP since the second world war.He Maochun, director of the Center for Economic Diplomacy Studies at Tsinghua University, said the deficit would be financed by those holding U.S. dollar-denominated assets with the main channel to transfer the risks caused by the deficit being the issuance of U.S. treasury bonds.The U.S. is already in enormous debt, with Treasury data showing public debt topping 12 trillion U.S. dollars in November last year, the highest ever.To pay for the deficit, the U.S. federal government will borrow 392 billion dollars in the January to March quarter of 2010, according to a Treasury Department statement released Monday. It will then issue 268 billion U.S. dollars of treasury bonds in the second quarter.Experts said the record deficit suggests the federal reserve will continue to flood more money into the market. The massive issuance of treasury bonds, the large fiscal deficit and the printing of the dollar will prompt further declines in the value of dollar, they said.In 2009, the greenback depreciated against major currencies by 8.5 percent, according to China's State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE).China is the biggest foreign holder of the U.S. government debt. As of the end of November last year, China held 789.6 billion U.S. dollars of U.S. treasury bonds. Moreover, more than 60 percent of China's 2.399 trillion U.S. dollar stockpile of foreign exchange reserves - the world's largest - is in dollars.Cao Honghui, director of the Financial Market Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), a government think tank, said the massive U.S. deficit spending and near-zero interest rates would erode the value of U.S. bonds.The U.S. government should not transfer the problems of enormous debt to other nations or regions that are creditors like China, he added.The SAFE said in a statement in December 2009 that China would diversify its foreign exchange reserve holdings - both currencies and securities - to reduce risk.Liu Yuhui, an economist with the CASS, said late last month China may scale back its purchases of U.S. debt on concern the dollar will decline.China trimmed its holdings of U.S. government debt by 9.3 billion U.S. dollars in November last year - the biggest cut in five months - taking them down to 789.6 billion U.S. dollars.Ding Zhijie, associate dean at the finance school at the University of International Business and Economics, said China had been securing its investment value by using its foreign exchange reserves for imports and acquisition in 2009."More reserves should be used for investment in materials and resources, which can reduce the risk," he said, adding that he expects the purchasing spree to continue this year.The deficit is expected to ease slightly to 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars in 2011, but that still represents 8.3 percent of 2011 GDP.But Ding said it is necessary for the U.S. to keep its powerful fiscal stimulus policy in place, as the economic recovery is fragile and remains uncertain.The U.S. economy shrank 2.4 percent in 2009, but the U.S. government is projecting GDP growth of 2.7 percent in 2010 and an unemployment rate average of 10 percent.Zuo Xiaolei, chief economist at China Galaxy Securities, said the U.S. had no choice but to rely on massive government spending to ensure the economic recovery.The budget deficit will pump money into the economy and generate jobs, which in turn will generate greater tax revenue that can help pay off the debt, Zuo said."But there is still a risk the policy will fail and that debt will grow beyond the government's ability to pay," in which case the entire global recovery will be threatened.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Profits in China's non-ferrous metal industry declined in 2009 despite rising output due to low prices, according to statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).Output of 10 kinds of non-ferrous metals, including copper, alumina, zinc and lead, increased 5.8 percent in the country from a year earlier to 26.81 million tonnes last year.However, combined profit of 70 major enterprises in the sector totaled 17.6 billion yuan (2.58 billion U.S. dollars), down 1.46 percent year on year, the MIIT said.Although the industry maintained a good development momentum in 2009, many challenges remained, including the problems of excess capacity and outdated production capacity.The MIIT would focus more on speeding up the elimination of backward production capacities in the industry this year and checking an excessive growth in expansion of non-ferrous metal smelting capacities.

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BEIJING, March 12 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Friday a stronger yuan offers no help for solving the Sino-U.S. trade imbalance problem, and China opposes politicizing yuan's appreciation.Su Ning, vice governor of the People's Bank of China, made the comments a day after U.S. President Barack Obama told the U.S. Export-Import Bank's annual conference that a more market-oriented exchange rate of yuan will make an essential contribution to global rebalancing efforts."We do not think a country should rely others to solve its own problems," Su, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, said on the sidelines of the top political advisory body's annual session.The U.S. Department of Commerce said on March 11 that the U.S. trade deficit with China increased to 18.3 billion U.S. dollars in January from 18.14 billion U.S. dollars in December. The increase renewed the U.S. call for a stronger yuan as it claimed the current exchange rate gives Chinese goods unfair price advantages.Su said although yuan has gained more than 20 percent since it depegged the U.S. dollars in June 2005, China's trade surplus tripled from 100 billion U.S. dollars in 2004 to nearly 300 billion U.S. dollars in 2008.In addition, he argued, a weaker U.S. dollar does not help cut the U.S. deficit. As the U.S. dollar depreciated by 3 percent annually in average between 2002 and 2008, its deficit soared from 500 billion U.S. dollars to 900 billion U.S. dollars, Su said.Tan Yaling, a financial researcher with Peking University, said as nations have different roles in international trade and differ in resources, what they produce, consume and want can be very different."It is unfair that the United States, on the one hand, consumes cheap Chinese goods, while on the other hand, it blames the low prices for causing their domestic job losses," she said.The Obama administration's continuous calls for a stronger yuan is actually aimed at diverting attentions from its domestic woes, experts said.To grapple with high unemployment rate and uncertain recovery prospects, Obama has to do something on job promotion to secure victory in the mid-term election in November this year, said Chen Zhiwu, a financial professor with Yale University.To curb soaring unemployment and boost growth, Obama has announced a special task force on a mission of doubling the U.S. exports in five years, as he said the U.S. can not "stand on the sidelines," as other countries are busy negotiating trade deals.Cheng Enfu, a deputy to the National People' s Congress (NPC), China' s top legislature, said the consistent pressure from the United States is simply because of its pursuit of national interests."Over-fast appreciation of yuan does no good to the global economic recovery which is still fragile and uncertain," he said.Zhu Yuchen, also an NPC deputy, said as China plays a leading role in global economic recovery, any drastic policy change will not only impair China's economy, but also the global recovery, which is not a responsible way.President Obama's remarks also came a month ahead of a semiannual Treasury Department report that could label China as a currency manipulator.Premier Wen Jiabao said in the government work report delivered to the NPC on March 5 that China will keep the yuan "basically stable" at an "appropriate and balanced" level.HEFTY SURPLUS, BUT SLIM PROFITSAlthough China has accumulated massive trade surplus over the past decades, that does not indicate the same profits, as more than half of China's exporters are foreign invested, lawmakers said.Figures released by the Ministry of Commerce showed 55.2 percent of China's foreign trade was completed by foreign-invested businesses last year. And 56 percent of the exports were done by foreign companies in China.Cheng Enfu said China only pockets paper-thin profits from the very end of the manufacturing chain, or processing and assembling work. However, the United States earn handsome profits from designing and distribution.According to a study by researchers of the University of California, of the 299 U.S. dollars retail value of a 30-gigabyte video iPod in the United States, 163 U.S. dollars is captured by American companies and workers, and 132 U.S. dollars go to parts makers in other Asian countries, while the final assembly, done in China, cost only about 4 U.S. dollars a unit."Even though Chinese workers contribute only about 1 percent of the value of the iPod, the export of a finished iPod to the United States directly contributes about 150 U.S. dollars to our bilateral trade deficit with the Chinese," Hal R. Varian, a professor of the University of California at Berkeley, wrote on the New York Times on June 28, 2007.Cheng Enfu noted it needs to upgrade exports product mix to fundamentally reverse China's disadvantages. That is, to export more profitable self-innovative products, rather than labor-intensive processing goods.

CANBERRA, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- Queensland mining magnate Clive Palmer said Saturday his company has secured Australia's largest coal export deal with China.The Resourcehouse chairman said the company had reached a 20-year agreement with one of China's largest power companies, China Power International Development, the flagship company of China Power Investment Corporation (CPI)."This deal with CPI is Australia's biggest ever export contract," Palmer said in a statement."This is Australia's largest single, non-syndicated, finance deal and the interest from China highlights the strength of the project and the benefits for Queensland and Australia in developing a new world class coal region such as the Galilee Basin," he told reporters."There will be four underground mines and two open cut mines," he said.Meanwhile, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh said there was some environmental red tape to negotiate before the project was approved but she did not expect any last-minute problems."It is world demand which is making it a commercial opportunity," Bligh said.More than 100 million additional tons of coal could be exported every year from Queensland because of new projects under consideration by the state government.

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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Railway and highway stations and airports across China have seen increasing passenger flow since Thursday as millions of Chinese are returning to work or study when the week-long Spring Festival holiday draws to an end, transport authorities said Friday.The four railway stations in Beijing, one of the popular destinations for job hunters, received 150,000 passengers Thursday and the number is expected to sharply increase Friday, the last day of the seven-day Chinese Lunar New Year holiday, Beijing Railways Bureau said in a press release.Most of the passengers are tourists, migrant workers and students whose travel time was less than ten hours.Long-distance travelers are expected to arrive Friday, bringing pressure on downtown traffic, according to the bureau.People queue up to buy tickets at a railway station in Shenyang, capital of northeast China's Liaoning Province, on Feb. 18, 2010. Coach and railway terminals in major Chinese cities are bracing for a fresh travel rush, as millions of festival travelers set foot on return trips to city work after the week-long Spring Festival holidayThe authorities of Beijing Railway Station and Beijing West Railway Station arranged 18 pairs of additional trains to cope with the travel peak, it said.Public transport authority of Beijing has mobilized more buses to ensure passengers can leave railway stations as quickly as possible. People queue up to buy tickets at a railway station in Shenyang, capital of northeast China's Liaoning Province, on Feb. 18, 2010. Coach and railway terminals in major Chinese cities are bracing for a fresh travel rush, as millions of festival travelers set foot on return trips to city work after the week-long Spring Festival holidayThe ticket hall of Shijiazhuang Railway Station in the capital of Hebei Province that neighbors Beijing was crammed by anxious passengers Friday, when more than 52,000 people are expected to travel by train.Wang Aishu, waiting for getting onboard a train, was at ease holding a ticket he bought six days ago."I knew there will be a travel peak so I bought a ticket as soon as I arrived at the station on the eve of the Spring Festival," said Wang, who was heading for Dongguan City in Guangguang Province to work.The station mobilized 60 officers to help passengers and maintain order.Trains carried away 373,400 people from Hubei Province in central China Thursday, up 20.5 percent as against the same day last year. The volume is expected to rise Friday and Saturday, according to the Railways Bureau of Wuhan, the provincial capital.The railway station of Hefei, capital of Anhui Province in east China, has sent off about 30,000 passengers every day since Thursday to the major destinations of Beijing, Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong Province, and some other big cities.The station set up 50 ticket booths, including 20 additional ones, to meet the booming demand for departure.The railway station of Nanning, capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south China, will see 34,000 passengers leaving for other regions Friday, up 17 percent as against that of Thursday.However, a passenger surnamed Huang failed to get a ticket to his workplace of Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province."Tickets are sold out, only those for training leaving after Feb. 25 are available," said Huang, carrying heavy luggage.The country's railways served about 5.44 million passengers nationwide on Thursday, an increase of 12.5 percent over the same day last year, according to the Ministry of Railways (MOR) Friday.The ministry said the number of long-distance travelers increased markedly as more people decided to make an earlier return trip to avoid the traffic boom, and the volume is expected to peak on Friday and Saturday.About 210 million passengers will travel during the 40-day rush period beginning January 30, a 9.5 percent rise compared with a year earlier, MOR had estimated.During the holiday period, 1,972.5 pairs of passenger trains were put into use every day on average, an increase of 156 pairs compared with the same period last year.The trains served with an average daily transport capacity of 5.57 million people, an increase of 430,000 people compared with the same period last year, according to the ministry.In Shandong Province, volume of coach passengers also kept increasing in the past few days.More than 90,000 people are expected to take coach Friday to leave Jinan, the provincial capital, said Zhu Mi, media officer with the city's long-distance coach station.The station is able to handle a maximum volume of 100,000 passengers a day, he said."I left home at 6 a.m. to catch the bus, but every coach has been fully loaded," said a migrant worker who planned to seek job in Guangzhou.Shenzhen, a popular workplace for migrant workers in Guangdong, has seen an increasing number of air passengers over the past several days. More than 45,000 passengers arrived in the city on Thursday and 47,000 others are coming, the airport authority said.The Lunar New Year fell on Feb. 14 this year and is an important traditional festival of family reunions.

NANJING, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Top Chinese legislator Wu Bangguo has urged to accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development, so as to improve sustainable development when fighting the global financial crisis.Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, made the remarks during his visit to east China's Jiangsu Province from Thursday to Sunday.He called for more efforts for the transformation of the mode of economic development, adjusting economic structure and boosting industrial upgrading."To accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development should be an important goal and strategic measure in carrying out the Scientific Outlook on Development," Wu said.Wu Bangguo (2nd L, front), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), talks with staff members as he visits COSCO (Nantong) Shipyard in Nantong of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 15, 2010. Wu Bangguo paid a visit in Jiangsu for investigation and research on Jan. 14-17The economic recovery should be based on an optimized and upgraded economic structure, and the fight against global financial crisis be a process of improving sustainablity of development, he said.Wu stressed the importance of bringing in high-level human resources, advanced technologies and management expertise. He also encouraged domestic companies to acquire research and development institutions, sales networks, and famous brands, as well as to build production bases, in foreign countries.Advanced technologies and new economic growth points are needed for transformation of development mode, economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, and also for China to participate in international competition, he said.Wu Bangguo (C), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), shakes hands with a staff member as he visits WuXi AppTec company in Suzhou of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 16, 2010. Wu Bangguo paid a visit in Jiangsu for investigation and research on Jan. 14-17Wu also called for more efforts to develop emerging industries, including new energy, new materials, Internet of Things, low-carbon technologies and others, "to ensure China will not lose a new round of international economic competition."Human recourses are the key factor of industrial upgrading and nurturing new economic growth points, Wu said."We shall bear in mind that human resources are of utmost importance," he said.Wu visited industrial parks, scientific research institutions and workshops of enterprises in the cities of Nantong, Suzhou and Wuxi.

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BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- With Chinese banks' record new lending in 2009 igniting fears about asset bubbles and bad loan, the banking regulator's latest rules aim to bring financial risk under control.The new directives order banks to focus on loan quality control, rather than quantity restriction, and aim to make loans flow to the real economy -- rather than the property and stock markets, which are susceptible to asset bubble formation.Analysts say the directives are a smart way to handle the policy dilemma the central bank faced: with inflationary pressures growing after increased money supply, how can monetary policy be tightened without hurting the fragile economic recovery?The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) issued new regulations on Saturday evening telling banks to set lending quotas after "prudent calculation" of borrowers' "actual demand".It also reiterated working capital should not finance fixed-asset investment and equity stakes. The new rules also ask lenders to give funds directly to the end user declared by the borrower, instead of directly giving it to the debtor, in an effort to ensure loans are used for their declared purpose.Execution of the directives will help banks exit the "credit stimulus spree", as they pay more attention to risk control. The directives are crucial for the banks' sustainable expansion, said Yu Xiaoyi, analyst with Guangfa Securities.Loose oversight and easy monetary policy have led to many banks developing the bad habit of being excited about loan extension but indifferent to the tracking of loan use, which can result in credit appropriation, an unnamed insider told Xinhua.That allowed many Chinese enterprises to borrow much more than they needed in order to speculate with various types of investment, even though they had ample funds on hand for their routine business operations.In support of the government's 4-trillion yuan stimulus package, Chinese banks lent an unprecedented 9.6 trillion yuan in 2009, nearly half of 2009 gross domestic product.Researchers said that large amounts of the borrowed funds went into property and stock market speculation, further pushing up soaring house prices and further inflating asset bubbles.According to official data released by CBRC, some regions reported two to three percent of funds were misappropriated.Wang Kejin, an official with the Supervision Rules and Regulation Department of CBRC, told Xinhua "the current working capital and individual loans exceeded real market demand,"The inadequate monitoring of loan use demands improvement, otherwise creditors will suffer losses and systemic risks will build, the CBRC said in a statement on its website."Our purpose was to prevent it happening," the statement said.Ba Shusong, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, China's cabinet, said the new rules will further strengthen credit risk controls and put a "brake" on lending and keep the financial system in good health,Guo Tianyong, a professor with the Central University of Finance and Economics, said the new directive will prevent systemic risk after the rapid expansion in credit.Although the CBRC and the nation's central bank have repeatedly warned banks to maintain an even pace in lending growth and to avoid big fluctuations, new yuan loans hit a massive 1.39 trillion yuan in January, as banks scrambled to lend before an expected tightening in credit later in the year.CBRC chairman Liu Mingkang said on Jan. 27 the Chinese government is aiming to restrict credit supply to 7.5 trillion yuan (about 1.1 trillion U.S.dollars) in 2010.Analysts expect short-term loans to fall significantly on account of tougher lending requirements that prevent businesses using new loans to repay old credit, a phenomena rampant when bill financing with 180-day maturity comprised nearly half of new loans in the first quarter of 2009.To soak up the excess liquidity on the heels of lending spree, China has raised the deposit reserve requirement ratio (RRR) twice this year, after holding it steady for over a year, to handle the "comparatively loose liquidity" while keeping the "moderately easy" monetary policy unchanged.Jing Ulrich, Chairman of China Equities and Commodities at JP Morgan Chase, estimated China's new lending would fall 17 percent this year as the government takes steps to prevent inflation."While lending support for real economic activity is expected to continue, banks are likely to be more vigilant on shorter term credit facilities, given the regulator's anxiety over asset bubbles and capital adequacy ratios," she said.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank asked the nation's lenders to increase loans for rural development as farmers and rural business still had limited access to financing.Banks should issue more microloans to farmers to foster rural industries and urbanization, Liu Shiyu, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said at a meeting on rural financing service on Sunday."More efforts should be made to encourage financial institutions to offer rural financing services and participate in rural financial market," he said.Rural credit cooperatives should speed up corporate restructuring and play a leading role in rural financial market, Liu said.He also urged efforts to establish more village banks, microcredit companies and new types of financial institutions.Poor access to fund, as one of the reasons, has long kept China's rural development left behind the urban modernization.The situation has not been significantly improved despite repeated calls by government, as banks are relunctant to lend for lack of collaterals.By the end of September 2009, rural loans increased 29.1 percent year on year to 8.8 trillion yuan (1.29 trillion U.S. dollars), 8.3 percentage points higher than a year earlier