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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

BEIJING, Oct. 23 (Xinhua) -- China voiced its strong dissatisfaction and stern opposition to an award from the European Union (EU) to a Chinese criminal.     "We express strong dissatisfaction and stern opposition (to the award)," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said in a written statement in response to the award on Thursday evening.     The European Parliament (EP), a supervisory and consultative organ of the EU, announced on Thursday it would select Hu for the Sakharov Prize.     On April 3, Hu was sentenced by the Beijing No. 1 Intermediate People's Court to 3.5 years imprisonment, with one year's deprivation of political rights.     The verdict said Hu, an unemployed father aged 34 and the holder of a college degree, libeled the Chinese political and social systems, and instigated subversion of the state, which is a crime under Chinese law.     "Hu is a convicted criminal who is now in jail for subverting the state", Qin said, noting the award to Hu, in disguise of "protecting the human rights," is fabricating facts and confusing truth and has fully exposed its political attempt to interfere in China's internal affairs and infringe upon the country's judicial sovereignty.     "The fact has already proved and will continue to prove that such an act can neither change the fact of China's social development, nor deceive the European people," Qin said.

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C front row) talks to students at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, on Dec. 20, 2008. Wen arrived in the university's library and chatted with students there on Saturday after attending the closing ceremony of a year-long exchange program between Chinese and Japanese young people.     BEIJING, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has pledged to university students that the government would seek to provide more jobs for graduates and "put the issue of graduate employment first."    "Your difficulties are my difficulties, and if you are worried, I am more worried than you," Wen told the students at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.     Wen made the remarks in a surprise visit on Saturday afternoon after attending the closing ceremony a year-long exchange program between Chinese and Japanese young people together with former Japanese Prime Minister Fukuda Yasuo.     He said the country is in a difficult period as the global financial crisis has continued affecting the country's real economy. The government has begun measures to sustain the economy, such as the four-trillion-yuan stimulus package and interests cuts.     "We are considering taking more measures at proper time. But currently we are most concerned about two issues, migrant workers returning home and employment for graduates," Wen said.     The financial crisis and China's slowing economic growth has forced 4 million migrant workers to return to their rural homes, according to a report from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.     The report also said as of the end of this year, 1.5 million graduates are likely to have failed to find jobs, and the country could see an ever tougher employment situation in 2009 as there will be about 6.1 million seeking jobs.     "We are also studying a package to guarantee jobs for graduates and it will kick in soon", Wen said. "The government will encourage major enterprises to increase recruits from graduates, seek more jobs in grassroots, offer opportunities of further study and skill training."     Scientific research projects conducted by companies, institutions and universities should recruit graduates, and companies must not lay off graduates even if times are hard, he added.     Wen reiterated "confidence", saying it is much more important than gold and currency.

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BEIJING, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- Tax rebates for China's light industry should be increased to alleviate cost burdens on exporters, the cabinet said here on Wednesday.     China also plans to remove unreasonable administrative fees and charges on industry players, and offer more, said a statement released after the executive meeting of the State Council presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.     Through the foreign trade development fund, set up by the central government, active assistance will be made to boost exports and help companies' promotion and acquisition efforts in the international market, members said at the meeting.     The tax rebate rate has been raised three times this year in China. The most recent increase came Monday. It covered a list of 3,770 items which account for 27.9 percent of the country's total exports.     Items include labor-intensive, mechanical and electrical products. The rebate takes effect Dec. 1.     The previous two rebates were made in August and at the beginning of this month.     Official data showed that China's October export growth slowed to 19.2 percent from 21.5 percent in September.     "Light industry is China's strong point and its stable and healthy development would be of prime importance," members said while explaining the reason behind the move.     The industry is suffering severely from changes in the domestic and international economic environment in recent months. Concrete measures should be taken to support the industry to weather the difficulties.     China levies value-added tax on most products, but refunds varying amounts of that tax on goods that are exported. The government usually adjusts the size of export tax rebates for different types of goods when it is trying to encourage or discourage growth in particular industries.     Several other policies were passed at the meeting to support the development of the light industry. Financial subsidies were offered to rural residents and people in quake-hit regions and remote areas in China in an effort to boost domestic demand on their products.     More funding would be allocated to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as to encourage technical innovations and upgrades in these companies.     The draft of arbitration law on land contract related disputes, which, after revision, would be submitted to the standing committee of the National People's Congress for approval, was also discussed at the meeting. Two revised drafts of ordinances on grassland and forestry fire prevention will be implemented after some changes

LONDON, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- Airbus and Xi'an Aircraft Industry Company (XAC) signed a cooperation agreement here on Monday to have the A320 Family wing "fully completed and tested" in China.     The agreement signed by Brian Fleet, Airbus senior vice president, and Meng Xiangkai, president of XAC, in London, in the presence of the visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and his British counterpart Gordon Brown.     According to this fourth phase of the agreement, the wing equipping and testing will be done in Tianjin in a facility to be newly built close to the A320 FALC by XAC, a wholly owned subsidiary of China Aviation Industry Corporation (AVIC).     The fully equipped and tested wings will be directly delivered to the nearby Final Assembly Line.     The wing box structures assembled by XAC in China are now completed at Airbus' Broughton site, before being transported to the Final Assembly Line in China.     The wing equipping operations are expected to start at the end of 2009, followed by the first delivery of a fully equipped set of wings in the first quarter of 2010.     "With this project, Airbus is fulfilling its support to the cooperation agreement regarding A320 China wing manufacture," said Fleet.     He said that having this facility close to the FALC is the most efficient industrial solution which will save transportation costs, reduce lead-time and risks in handling, and ensures quicker response time to our customers.     Meng said that "I am confident that we will also be successful with this fourth phase, after successes in the first three phases."

BEIJING, Dec. 25 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, studied the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract and the Law on Compulsory Education Thursday at a plenary session.     The legislative session was attended by Wu Bangguo, chairman of the NPC National Committee, and presided over by Chen Zhili, vice chairwoman of the NPC Standing Committee. The third plenary session of the sixth session of the 11th Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC) is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Dec. 25, 2008. Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC, attended the session.    Lu Yongxiang, vice chairman of the top legislature, read a report at the session on the practice of the Law on Compulsory Education, which was put into force in 1986 with an overall revision in 2006.     The top legislature checked the implementation of the law in 2007 and 2008, respectively.     Over the past two years, Lu said, the law has entered the stage of an overall popularization throughout the country as it has been fully supported by the state finance and the policy of free compulsory education has been achieved.     But there have been difficulties for the implementation of the law in rural areas, including the lack of funds and quality teachers and the existence of safety problems for school buildings and management in the countryside.     Hua Jianmin, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, made a report on the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract, which went into effect on Jan. 1, 2008. The top legislature checked the practice of the law from mid-September to mid-October, he said.     According to Hua, the implementation of the new law is good in general as the number of labor contracts signed has witnessed a remarkable rise this year and the rights of transient workers from rural areas have been better protected.     However, the practice of the law has met new problems since October, when the impacts of the current global financial crisis spread and the growth of world economy slowed down, he said.     Hua urged that more efforts should be made to publicize the law, so as to better implement it and give greater attention to the protection of laborers' rights.     At the session, the lawmakers also heard reports on the handling of 462proposals and 6,279 pieces of suggestions, comments and criticisms from NPC deputies during the First Session of the Eleventh NPC in March 2008.     Meanwhile, the meeting heard reports on the amendments of the Law on Earthquake Relief and the Patent Law. The NPC Law Committee suggested that the top legislature approve the two amended laws.     It also heard a report on Wu's recent visit to five African nations and the Commission of the African Union.

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Li Changchun (C), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, visits a publishing showpiece exhibition in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 6, 2008. Li attended on Saturday night a publishing showpiece exhibition and a concert in celebration of 30 years' reform and opening-up.     BEIJING, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese official Li Changchun attended on Saturday night a publishing showpiece exhibition and a concert in celebration of 30 years' reform and opening-up.     The exhibition and the concert were held by China Publishing Group Corporation.     Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, said during his visit that the company should strive to become a modernized publishing group with international competitiveness and influence. Li Changchun (front, R), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, shakes hands with performers after a concert in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 6, 2008. Li attended on Saturday night a publishing showpiece exhibition and a concert in celebration of 30 years' reform and opening-up.     More than 100 showpieces of books, newspapers and electronic publications were shown in the exhibition.     Liu Yunshan, member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, also attended the event.

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- Agreements on direct flights and shipping, signed on Tuesday in Taipei, are drawing strong interest from airlines and shipping companies from the mainland and Taiwan.     "Regular charter flights, instead of flights only weekends and festivals, were our long-term expectations," said Liu Shaoyong, the general manager of mainland-based China Southern Airlines. "Direct air routes are very good for our business."     A flight from the mainland to Taiwan via Hong Kong under the current arrangement takes two hours and 42 minutes and burns 16 tonnes of fuel. Under the new arrangement, flights will take 69 minutes and burn 7.3 tonnes of fuel.     "Less travel time and expense benefits both passengers and airlines," Liu said.     Wei Hsing-Hsiung, chairman of the board of Taiwan-based China Airlines, was glad to see the number of passenger charter flights increase from 36 on weekends to 108 a week.     "We have profits of about 1.5 million U.S. dollars from weekend charter flights. The figure is likely to reach 5 million dollars due to more flights, while the cost might fall by 20 percent as the route is shorter," he said.     The new agreement only opened one direct air route, between Shanghai and Taipei. Xiamen, the coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province directly opposite to Taiwan, was not included. Mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) President Chen Yunlin(R) and Taiwan-based Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) Chairman Chiang Pin-kung attend the symposia on industry and shipping in Taipei, southeast China's Taiwan Province, Nov. 5, 2008. They attended two symposia, one on industry and shipping and the other on finance, that were held against the backdrop of international financial crisis and struggling world economy in Taipei on Wednesday"We are expecting more air routes," said Yang Guanghua, general manager of Xiamen Airlines.     The flight distance between Xiamen and Taipei will be one third shorter than at present and the flying time will be about half, he said.     The two sides said in the agreement that they are going to negotiate another route linking the southern part of Taiwan with the mainland.     To cope with increasing flights, Yang's company plans to use 10more passenger planes next year, he said.     Taiwan's senior economic official Shih Yen-shiang told the local daily China Times on Wednesday that he estimated every direct trip across the Strait could save companies 300,000 New Taiwan dollars (about 9,000 U.S. dollars).     "Based on 4,000 trips a year, 1.2 billion dollars will be saved," he said.     Under the new agreement, the mainland and Taiwan will exempt each other's shipping firms from business and income taxes.     For the container divisions of Taiwan's three leading shipping lines -- Evergreen Marine, Wan Hai Lines and Yang Ming Group -- 60percent could be related to the mainland. Tax cuts will save each 2 to 3 billion NT dollars, another local newspaper, the Commercial Times, said.     Ningbo of eastern Zhejiang Province was one of the 63 ports that the mainland opened to Taiwan ships.     "The most direct effect will be increasing cargo volume," said Tong Mengda, chief economist of Ningbo Port Holding. "The voyage to Taiwan has been cut from 25 hours to ten. This is good for both shipping companies and ports."

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BEIJING, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese exporters face an increased risk of not being paid for their goods as foreign banks run out of cash and some overseas importers evade paying debts, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) warned Monday.     "The cases of malicious debt evasion and breach of contracts by importers in certain countries or regions are on the rise," said the ministry in a notice. It attributed the phenomenon to the impact of the deepening global financial crisis.     The MOC urged local governments, guilds and overseas Chinese businesses to more closely monitor the credit of foreign importers.     Priority should be placed on tracking the credit ratings of foreign lenders, it said.     The ministry also called on local governments to support the development of export credit insurance and encourage exporters to carry such insurance by reducing premiums.     From January to November last year, China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (SINOSURE) provided 56.5 billion U.S. dollars of guarantee for exporters against credit risks such as payment default. That is 63.6 percent higher than the same period a year earlier. The reason for the increase is that more exporters sought insurance, company figures show.     SINOSURE is China's only policy insurance company undertaking export credit insurance.     In that period, SINOSURE paid 210 million U.S. dollars of indemnities, up 174.5 percent from the same period of 2007.     In December, the insurer reduced credit ratings for a record 48countries, including the United States. A total of 191 countries were reappraised in December.

RAMALLAH, Jan. 15 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese special envoy for the Middle East Sun Bigan called for an immediate halt of military activities in Gaza during his meeting with Palestinian National Authority (PNA) Chairman Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank city of Ramallah Thursday.     The two discussed the situation in the Gaza Strip, which has been under intensive Israeli attacks for almost three weeks, causing more than 1,000 Palestinians dead and over 4,600 wounded. The Palestinian National Authority (PNA) Chairman Mahmoud Abbas (R) meets with Sun Bigan, China's special envoy on the Middle East issue, in the West Bank city of Ramallah, on Jan. 15, 2008.     Sun urged all parties to abide by UN Security Council resolution 1860 to avoid additional civilian casualties and ease the humanitarian crisis.     He said as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has the duty to uphold justice and safeguard world peace. The warfare in Gaza, since its start, had drawn attentions from the Chinese leadership as well as the Chinese public.     Sun said China has been making efforts to bring peace back to the region and to ease the humanitarian crisis happening in Gaza.     Sun stressed that China has been long supporting the stance held by the PNA and Abbas that the Palestinian issue should be solved politically. Israeli President Shimon Peres meets with visiting China's special envoy on the Middle East issue Sun Bigan in Jerusalem, Jan. 14, 2009.    He expressed his hope that the Palestinian side could continue gaining international support, and the disputes can be solved through negotiations.     Sun said that unity remains the basic and most important factor that ensures the Palestinians to regain their legitimate national rights, adding that China appreciates the tireless efforts that Abbas has made to maintain Palestinian national unity.     Abbas highly praised the five standpoints on the current Middle East situation issued by China, thanked for China's emergency humanitarian aid, and expressed his willingness to keep exerting efforts to restore stability as soon as possible. Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul Gheit (R) meets with China's special envoy on the Middle East issue Sun Bigan in Cairo Jan. 12, 2009. The two sides exchanged opinions on the Gaza crisis and vowed to work together to help ease the tension in the Palestinian enclave.    Before his visit to Ramallah, Sun also toured Egypt and Israel, where he put forward five standpoints of the Chinese government on the current Middle East situation to Egyptian and Israeli officials.     The five standpoints are:     1. China calls on all parties concerned to abide by the UN Security Council Resolution 1860, and cease all military actions immediately to avert more casualties.     2. Measures should be taken to ease the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. A stable channel for supply of humanitarian aid including food, medicine and fuel, for Gaza should be open at the earliest time possible, and parties concerned should provide necessary guarantee in this regard.     3. Parties concerned should establish, through negotiation, a ceasefire monitoring mechanism in Gaza and work to create durable security and stability there.     4. The Palestine-Israel peace talks should resume at the earliest time, and efforts should be made to seek solution to issues related to the final status of Palestine on the basis of mutual-trust, so that an independent Palestinian state will be established as early as possible and the "two states" of Palestine and Israel will coexist peacefully.     5. The international community should increase mediating efforts for peace and promote a comprehensive, just and durable settlement of the Middle East issue. China is ready to work with parties concerned and make unremitting efforts in this regard. Amr Moussa (R), secretary-general of the Arab League, meets with China's special envoy on the Middle East issue Sun Bigan at the headquarters of the Arab League in Cairo, capital of Egypt, on Jan. 12, 2009.