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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

LIMA, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- Foreign and trade ministers from the 21 member economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum on Thursday called for joint efforts to overcome the ongoing global financial crisis and revive the Doha Round trade negotiations.     "APEC economies are committed to implementing all necessary measures to bolster the real economy and boost investment and consumption levels in the region," said a joint statement released by the ministers after a two-day Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministerial Meeting in the Peruvian capital.     "Ensuring a rapid, coordinated and effective response to the current global financial crisis is the highest priority for APEC economies and will be the focus of attention" when APEC leaders meet on the weekend, said the statement.     The APEC ministers met in Peru during the "most difficult set of economic conditions" since APEC was created in 1989, it said.     Peruvian Foreign Minister Jose Garcia Belunde, who chaired the meeting, said the ministers have reaffirmed their opposition to trade and investment barriers.     The ministers have agreed to continue to "strengthen consumption level in the region and expand trade activities," he said.     "We've decided to continue supporting the multilateral trade system, including the World Trade Organization, and to support a conclusion to the Doha trade round," he said.     Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean said the APEC ministers not only have reached an consensus to push forward the Doha talks but also agreed on the direction to conclude it.     Crean called on the APEC leaders to make commitment based on the action plan adopted by the G-20 countries in Washington earlier this month, noting that nine of the APEC members participated in the Washington meeting.     "Commitement at various levels" are required to deal with the financial crisis, he said.     U.S. Trade Minister Susan Schwab said world leaders should learn from the Great Depression in the 1930s and prevent a "prolonged and deepening" crisis from taking place.     Schwab noted that the G-20 nations had made it clear that trade barriers and protectionism will not be an option during the crisis and it is vital to conclude the Doha talks as soon as possible.     The world economies should "use trade in a positive way" to avert the crisis, she said.     "We will do everything we can" to push forward the Doha talks, she added.     Singapore Trade and Industry Minister Lim Hng Kiang said APEC has yet to confront many challenges and the financial crisis is likely to top APEC's agenda next year when Singpore takes over as the chair.     The 20th APEC Ministerial Meeting started on Wednesday to make final preparations for the APEC Leaders' Meeting this weekend.  

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BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- A senior official with Communist Party of China (CPC) has urged to ensure social equity and maintain social stability in promoting the country's economic growth.     Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the remark in an article to be published in the journal Qiushi (Seeking Truth), run by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Feb. 1.     Zhou, also secretary of the Political and Legislative Affairs Committee of the CPC Central Committee, said that law enforcement organs should push forward reforms of working mechanism and judiciary system.     He also stressed that all the law enforcement organs should well comprehend and implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, the Party's new creed, and maintain social stability to celebrate the new China's 60th anniversary of founding on Oct. 1.

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- At the invitation of Ethiopian Federal Council Speaker Degefi Bula, Chinese top legislator Wu Bangguo on Saturday afternoon arrived here to begin an official visit to Ethiopia on the third leg of his five-nation Africa tour.     In a written statement released at the airport upon his arrival, Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, highlighted the rapid growth of the China-Ethiopia relations in the past 38 years since the two nations forged diplomatic relations, noting that the bilateral cooperation between the two nations have yielded remarkable achievements in fields such as economy and trade, culture, public health and tourism. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, the country's top legislature, hugs the girl presenting flowers to him at the airport in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, Nov. 8, 2008. Wu Bangguo arrived in Addis Ababa for an official goodwill visit to Ethiopia on Nov. 8. "We have witnessed the best ever relations and I hope my visit would help promote traditional friendship and cement cooperation with mutual benefit in an effort to bring the China-Ethiopia all-round and cooperative partnership to a higher level," Wu said in the written statement.     In addition to Degefi, Wu is scheduled to meet with Ethiopian President Girma Wolde Giorgis, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, Speaker of Council of People's Representatives Teshome Toga to exchange views on bilateral relations and other regional and international issues of common concern.     Wu is also expected to visit the African Union (AU) headquarters in Ethiopia's capital. It is the first visit to the AU headquarters by a Chinese top legislator.     Wu arrived here after he concluded his official visit to Algeria and Gabon. After Ethiopia, he will travel to Madagascar and Seychelles.

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- After successfully carrying out its first escort mission, the Chinese Navy prepares to cover another 11 domestic merchant vessels planning to travel around Somalia this week.     "We will actively provide information and necessary rescue services for those merchant ships passing through the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters," said He Jianzhong, spokesman with Ministry of Transport (MOT). A ship of China Ocean Shipping Group Company (COSCO) sails in the Gulf of Aden under the escort of a Chinese naval fleet (not seen in the picture) Jan. 6, 2009. The Chinese naval fleet arrived Tuesday in the waters of the Gulf of Aden off Somalia to carry out the first escort mission against pirates. Four Chinese ships, including one from China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, were escorted by the fleet.     A governmental spokesman said on Tuesday that the naval task force will protect a total of 15 Chinese merchant ships between Tuesday and Saturday.     Consisting of two destroyers and one supply ship, the naval fleet arrived in waters off Somali coast on Tuesday after a voyage of more than 4,400 nautical miles. It set sail on Dec. 26.     Soon after its arrival, the fleet conducted its first escort service for four Chinese merchant vessels, including one from Hong Kong.     The ship's cargo, origins and destinations were not released.     Under command of the fleet's flagship DDG-169 Wuhuan destroyer, the four merchant vessels sailed in a line formation and passed through the warship's patrolling area.     Surging piracy off the Somali coast has increasingly threatened internationals shipping. A total of 1,265 Chinese merchant ships passed through the Gulf of Aden last year. Seven were attacked by pirates.     One Chinese fishing ship, Tian Yu 8, and its 18 crew members were hijacked on Nov. 14, 2008. They are still being held by pirates.     The MOT announced Chinese merchant ships may ask for protection by applying to the China Shipowners' Association (CSA) and China Maritime Search and Rescue Center (CMSRC).     According to the commander of the Chinese Naval expedition, Real-Admiral Du Jingchen, the main task for the warships is to dispel pirates with their presence.     "We have started our escort mission and will conduct careful deployment and close contact with the vessels to secure their safety by strictly abiding by the U.N. resolutions and international laws," said Real-Admiral Du.     The fleet is carrying about 800 crew members including 70 soldiers from the Navy's special forces along with weapons such as missiles, canons and helicopters.     For the first phase of the escort mission, the fleet will patrol the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters for about three months, followed by possible replacement warships as needed.

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ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo said here on Monday that his country attaches great importance to its development of relations with Ethiopia.     "My current visit to Ethiopia is aimed at bringing the existing all-round cooperative partnership to a new level and injecting new life into the traditional friendship between the two sides," said Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC). Wu Bangguo (L), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC), the country's top legislature, meets with Ethiopian President Girma Wolde Giorgis (R) in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, on Nov. 10, 2008. "This is my first visit to Ethiopia. During my visit I witness the Ethiopian people's affection towards the Chinese people, and Iextend my good wishes to the Ethiopian people," said Wu during his meeting with Ethiopian President Girma Woldegiorgis.     "As a true friend of the Ethiopian people, we are happy to see the achievements made by Ethiopia in implementing the agriculture-led Industrial development plan in recent years. We are also happy to see that Ethiopia has become an example of how to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ."     "I yesterday had very good talks separately with Teshome Toga, speaker of Ethiopian Council of People's Representatives, and Speaker of Ethiopian Federal Council Degefi Bula, reaching many important consensuses," said the Chinese top legislator.     During his talks with the two Ethiopian speakers, the two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two countries' legislatures as part of their efforts to push for improvement of people-to-people friendship, strengthening mutual political trust and promoting mutual benefit in economic cooperation, according to Wu.     Wu is on a five-African nation tour. Ethiopia is the third leg of his two-week-long visit to Africa.     For his part, Ethiopian President Girma said his country is satisfied with the better relations with China.     The president said he is very happy with China's decision to set up an agricultural technology demonstration center in Ethiopia.     He believed the demonstration center is conducive to furthering the agricultural cooperation between Ethiopia and China, improving Ethiopia's agricultural development level and helping the country's efforts to reduce poverty.     During the talks, Wu appreciated Ethiopia's commitment to the one-China policy. Wu pledged that China will speed up the construction of the demonstration center, which helps deepen the realistic cooperation in areas like farming.

Envoys from the six nations to the Korean Peninsular nuclear talks gather to hold talks in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, on Dec. 8, 2008. A new round of the six-party talks is begun here Monday afternoon for a fresh round of talks on the denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).     BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- Envoys from the six nations gathered in Beijing on Monday for a fresh round of talks on removing nuclear programs from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).     "I propose the talks focus on three issues," Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei said in his opening address late Monday afternoon.     "First, verification; secondly, implementation of the remaining second phase action plan; and thirdly the establishment of a peace and security mechanism in northeast Asia."     The talks, also involving the United States, Republic of Korea(ROK) Russia and Japan, got under way in Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in western Beijing.     "Since our last meeting in July, all parties have kept in close communication and consultation and registered some progress, which China deeply appreciated," Wu said.     Last week, chief U.S. envoy Christopher Hill and his DPRK counterpart, Kim Kye Gwan, met in Singapore. The talks were reported to be substantive, but the two parties failed to reach a deal on sampling of atomic materials.     "We should participate in the meeting with a flexible and pragmatic attitude. We need joint efforts to narrow differences and lay a solid foundation for promoting talks into next phase," Wu said.     The Chinese host also called on the six nations to continue to adhere to the principles of "word for word, action for action" and” phased implementation."     Monday's talk lasted about one hour, with the issue of verification topping the agenda.     "We discussed fuel oil, the issues of disablement schedule and verification," Hill told reporters at China World Hotel Monday night.     "On fuel oil and disablement, there were no really contentious issues," said Hill.     The difficulty lies in how to verify DPRK's nuclear program.     "The Chinese have some ideas on how to approach the issue. What China is trying to do now is to put together a draft and circulate something tomorrow(Tuesday)," Hill said.     "It has to do with the verification. The key element will be what we did in Pyongyang. As you know we want to see some further definitions of this."     Sunday night, the U.S. envoy said the objective of this round of talks was to produce a verification protocol and a clear road map of what parties need to do to complete the verification.     Under an agreement reached at the six-party talks in February 2007, the DPRK agreed to abandon all nuclear weapons and programs. It promised to declare all its nuclear programs and facilities by the end of 2007. In return, DPRK would get diplomatic and economic incentives.     The six parties agreed to a disarmament schedule in October 2007. The DPRK said it has slowed down that process because of sluggish economic compensation.     On Saturday, DPRK vowed to ignore Japan at the talks, citing Tokyo's refusal to send aid to the country as part of the agreement.     Before Monday's talks began, the Chinese delegation held a series of preliminary bilateral meetings with the other five parties.     Despite recent tensions, the DPRK and ROK delegations also held a rare bilateral meeting before the talks opened.     Launched in 2003, the six-party talks was a vice-minister level mechanism aimed at denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula. Chinese top nuclear negotiator and Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei (1st R, front) addresses a fresh round of talks on the denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, on Dec. 8, 2008. (Xinhua/Wang Jianhua)

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BEIJING, Oct. 28 (Xinhua) -- The 11th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, China's top legislature, concluded its fifth session on Tuesday after passing new laws and international treaties.     It adopted an amendment to the fire control law and passed a law designed to protect state-owned assets from being illegally seized.     The session also ratified a bilateral treaty on extradition with Portugal.     The 21-article treaty was signed by Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui and Portuguese Foreign Minister Louis Amado in Beijing on Jan. 31, 2007.     The top legislature session also ratified an amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment, and the Protocol thereto on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment.     NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo said the legislature would continue working on an amendment to the country's law on food safety, which is being revised following a nationwide toxic milk scandal.     The session publicized a draft of amended law on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction to receive suggestions from all circles.     Wu Bangguo said at the session that to promote the judicial fairness and public supervision is a long-term task and called for more efforts in this regard.     He urged lawmakers to live up to their responsibilities to provide more useful and effective advices or suggestions to the top legislature, including those on macro-control of the economy.

BEIJING, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- China's police departments should further standardize the procedure of law enforcement and build harmonious relations with the people, China's top police official said on Tuesday.     State Councilor Meng Jianzhu, also Minister of Public Security, said at a tele-conference with local public security heads that the police should "be fully aware of the challenge brought by the global financial crisis and try their best to maintain social stability."     Meng urged the police to further improve the way of law enforcement, using "a harmonious thinking to ease conflicts and a harmonious attitude to treat the people".     "You should let the people know the authority and dignity of the law, and meanwhile make them feel the care and warmth from the public security authorities," he said.     Earlier this month, Meng published an article in the journal of the Communist Party of China, Qiushi, or Seeking Truth, underscoring "the appropriate use of police force".     "In handling mass incidents, we must be clear that the chief tasks of the public security authorities are to maintain order on the scene, ease conflicts, avoid excessive steps and prevent the situation getting out of control," he wrote.     And the local officials must exercise caution in using police forces, weapons and coercive force, Meng said. "Incidents of bloodshed, injury and death should absolutely be avoided."     A violent protest, involving 30,000 people, broke out on June 28 in Weng'an County of southwest China's Guizhou Province. The protesters rampaged through government buildings and torched more than 160 offices and about 40 vehicles. More than 150 police and protesters were injured, most slightly, and no deaths were reported.     Provincial Party Chief Shi Zongyuan later blamed some local officials' "rude and roughshod solutions" to solve disputes over mines, the demolition of homes for public projects, the relocation of residents for reservoir construction and other issues.     "Some officials neglected their duties, but resorted to police force when any dispute happened, which led to strained relations between officials and the people, and police and the public," Shi said.