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China will contribute about 10 billion yuan (.4 billion) to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, construction of which will begin in France this year.The figure represents about 10 percent of the project's cost.About half of China's contribution will be spent during the 10-year construction phase of the multination undertaking, sources at the Oriental Science and Technology Forum, held in Shanghai last weekend, said."The goal of the project is to find a shortcut to solve our energy shortage," Luo Delong, deputy director of the ITER China Office, told the forum.He said Chinese researchers will be in charge of building components such as heating, diagnostic and remote maintenance equipment, as well as transporting it to Cadarache in the south of France, where the ITER reactor will be built.ITER, which means "the way" in Latin, is an 11-billion-euro (.5 billion) experiment to study the scientific and technical feasibility of the world's most advanced nuclear fusion reactor. The device is described as an "artificial sun" as it will create conditions similar to those occurring in solar nuclear fusion reactions.If successful, the project could generate infinite, safe and clean energy to replace fossil fuels such as oil and coal, and will be 30 times more powerful than the Joint European Torus (JET), the largest comparable experiment.The ITER project was first initiated by the United States and the then Soviet Union in the mid-1980s. Today, it involves the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, Russia, the Republic of Korea, China and India. China joined in February 2003.The ITER Agreement, signed in November 2006, came into effect last October and has an initial duration of 35 years, though it could be extended for an additional 10 years.Under the agreement, the EU will be responsible for half of the construction costs, while the other five parties excluding India, will contribute equally to cover the remaining expenses.Earlier reports said China would send 30 scientists to France during the construction phase. At the moment, more than a dozen scientists and managers are already working at Cadarache, and more will soon join them.Russia, France and Japan have all developed similar experimental fusion reactors.China became the first country to build a superconducting experimental Tokamak fusion device in September, after successfully completing a series of trials in Hefei, capital of Anhui Province. Despite this success, China still faces a shortage of talent in the field. Scientists and researchers have called for increased efforts to train more scientists to improve the nation's research capabilities.

BEIJING -- China has expressed concern about Washington's decision to shoot down a damaged satellite, urging the US Government to fulfill its international obligation.Responding to a question on the US plan to shoot down a damaged satellite, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said on Sunday that the Chinese government is highly concerned about development of the situation and has urged the US side to fulfill its international obligation and avoid causing damages to the security in the outer space and other countries."Relevant departments of China are closely watching the situation and working out preventive measures," Liu said.According to news reports, the US Defense Department is planning to shoot down a damaged spy satellite that is expected to hit the Earth in early March. The satellite, which contains toxic fuel, has been out of control shortly after its launch in 2006.

The country's campaign to improve product quality and food safety has yielded very good results, Vice-Premier Wu Yi said in Weifang, Shandong Province, October 26, 2007. [Newsphoto]Weifang - The country's campaign to improve product quality and food safety has yielded very good results, Vice-Premier Wu Yi said on Friday.Despite that she urged: "We have to win this special war against poor product quality and supervision, enabling our people to eat without fear."Wu said the government has raised its investment in agriculture, especially in pesticide supervision and fertilizers management and to prevent fake products from entering the sector.Besides, authorities will strengthen supervision and inspection on vegetables and other food products in major cities, bringing all wholesale markets within the authorities' monitoring system.Officials are already monitoring all wholesale markets for agricultural products in 676 medium- and large-sized cities, Minister of Agriculture Sun Zhengcai said.Latest data suggest 94 percent vegetables and 95 percent aquatic products in cities have pesticide residue below the danger level.Also, more than 97.4 per cent of the pigs are slaughtered in registered abattoirs. The authorities closed down 602 illegal and 4,051 slaughterhouses in the first half of this year alone.Concerns over Chinese products safety prompted the government to formed a cabinet-level panel on food safety and quality control under the vice-premier in August.Eight categories of products are under the panel's scanner, including pork, drugs, agricultural products, processed food, toys and electric wires. The "special war" is aimed at improving product quality in four months.At a meeting in Weifang, Shandong Province, Wu lauded the province's advanced practice in product quality and food security management."Shandong's experience in standardized plantation of vegetables, aquatic products and some other agricultural products has been proved effective and worth promoting nationwide," Wu said.It brings irrigation and the condition of cultivable areas, particularly where chemicals are used, under a quality control system, which will be overseen by local officials, Shandong Governor Jiang Daming said.The province has taken the lead in the country to set up internationally recognized systems of quality standards, quality testing, attestation and supervision, securing a high standard of food quality from every link of production, processing and transportation.And more than 400,000 people in the province have attended into food safety education training sessions since August.

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China's disciplinary watchdog posthumously stripped a former senior political adviser of his membership in the Communist Party of China for leading a "dissolute lifestyle and serious violations of Party discipline." Song Pingshun, former chairman of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body to the parliament in the northern port city of Tianjin, was discovered dead on June 3. A police investigation determined he had committed suicide. The CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection decided to take the rare step of posthumous expulsion after finding that Song had "abused his public power to seek benefits for his mistress, seriously violating CPC discipline." "Song, morally degenerate, kept a mistress and helped her obtain money through illegal means," the discipline watchdog said. Song, 61, a native of northern China's Hebei Province, became the top political adviser in Tianjin, a booming municipality directly under the central government, in March 2006. He had also served as vice mayor, police chief and secretary of the Tianjin CPC Political Science and Law Commission, which is in charge of the city's police and legal sectors. The CPC expelled 21,120 members last year for breaking its rules, mainly for taking bribes. Corruption remains a serious problem in China, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee earlier warned Party members. More than 1,000 Chinese officials above the county level were punished for corruption during the first five months of this year, up 2.4 percent from the same period last year. More than 64 percent of the total involved "serious cases" in which officials took more than 50,000 yuan (US,600) in bribes or embezzled more than 100,000 yuan in public funds.

TOKYO - Japan's Supreme Court on Friday overturned a landmark ruling that had ordered a Japanese company to compensate Chinese who were forced to work as slave labourers during World War Two. It was the first ruling by Japan's top court on whether foreigners forcibly brought to Japan to work during and before World War Two had the right to compensation. A lower court had ordered Japanese construction firm Nishimatsu Construction Co. Ltd. to pay a total of 27.5 million yen (0,000) in compensation to a group of five Chinese for forcing them to labour in Japan during World War Two.

Hong Kong is the destination of choice for most mainland travelers this Christmas, a survey has found.A child walks past a Christmas decoration at the Two IFC shopping mall in Hong Kong November 28, 2007. [Agencies]Forty-four percent of the 2,000 people polled, all of whom have an annual income of more than 60,000 yuan (,000), said they were planning to visit the region over the festive period.Other popular destinations included Shanghai (10 percent), Sanya in Hainan Province (9 percent), Lijiang in Yunnan Province, Bali in Indonesia, Phuket in Thailand and Harbin in Heilongjiang Province.Conducted by the online travel firm ctrip.com, the survey found people were most interested in places with a "strong holiday atmosphere", "good shopping environment" and "excellent hotels and beaches" when choosing a destination for their Christmas getaway.Tang Yibo, director of Ctrip.com's holiday department, said: "Embodying both Eastern and Western cultures, Hong Kong stands out because it has not only a vibrant Christmas atmosphere, but also offers lots of shopping and entertainment facilities, and big discounts at this time of year."The convenience of traveling between the mainland and Hong Kong is also an important factor, Tang said.Lin Nan, a teacher from Shanghai, who sets off on a three-day trip to Hong Kong this weekend, said: "The pre-Christmas discounts in Hong Kong are irresistible, even when you consider what you have to pay to fly there."Lin Kang, deputy general manager of the outbound tourism department of the China International Travel Service Head Office, said tour packages to Hong Kong are always bestsellers at Christmas.He said the reason was that Chinese do not have much time off work at Christmas and the New Year so they cannot travel too far."When it comes to the weeklong Spring Festival holiday, destinations like Europe will be more popular," he said.Packages for the Spring Festival are now available, he said, with some of them to Australia and New Zealand already sold out.Some travel experts have said the high volume of holiday bookings for this year's Spring Festival is due to the cancellation of the May Day holiday.But Lin disagreed, saying it is still too early to judge the impact of the changes to the national holiday schedule. Outbound tours during the Spring Festival holiday are always easy to sell, he said.The cost of tour packages during the spring holiday will, as usual, be at least 20 percent higher than at other times of the year, he said.Zhang Wei, director of the air ticket department of Ctrip.com, said the cost of air travel to Europe, Australia and North America over the Christmas and New Year holidays has also soared.He said the cheapest one-way ticket from Beijing to London is now 3,320 yuan, up from 2,200 yuan at the start of the year.Zhang said the price hikes are due to the high numbers of foreigners flying home for the festive season, and also the increased popularity of group trips offered as staff incentives by some Chinese firms.

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A shop assistant checks hundred yuan bank notes at a shop in Xiangfan, central China's Hubei province in this file photo. [Reuters]A senior U.S. Treasury official warned Congress on Thursday that a legislative drive to force China into letting its currency rise in value more quickly could backfire and do damage to the U.S. economy. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Mark Sobel warned a House of Representative trade subcommittee that U.S. lawmakers risked creating a perception abroad that the United States is becoming "an isolationist nation" that does deserve foreign investment. "If the United States adopts currency legislation that is perceived abroad as unilateralist, investors' confidence in the openness of our economy could be dampened, diminishing capital inflows into the United States and potentially putting upward pressure on interest rates and prices," Sobel said. However, Ways and Means Trade Subcommittee Chairman Sander Levin, a Michigan Democrat, objected to the administration's description of congressional proposals as protectionist, and other lawmakers testifying on Thursday argued China's "unfair" trade practices required a strong U.S. legislative response. Two Senate committees have already approved legislation that aims to equip Treasury with new tools to pressure China into letting its yuan currency rise faster in value, which U.S. manufacturers say is necessary to eliminate an unfair price advantage for Chinese-made goods. Rep. Tim Ryan, an Ohio Democrat, said Congress should pass an even stronger bill -- such as one he has crafted with Rep. Duncan Hunter, a California Republican -- that would allow U.S. companies to seek countervailing duties against China's undervalued exchange rate. "Passage of a weak bill will only lead to many more years of inaction by the administration, loss of jobs and loss of critical U.S. manufacturing capability. We need legislation that will lead to action," Ryan said. A Republican committee member, Rep. Thomas Reynolds of New York, said there was bipartisan support for taking a tougher line with China than Treasury has followed so far. "Be ready for the fact that there's a boiling point in the Congress coming from the people of America saying we need to do better than what's happened so far," Reynolds said. After the hearing, Levin told reporters that House leaders would decide when Congress returns in September the best way to proceed with China currency and trade legislation. "I think we will look at all options," including the Ryan-Hunter bill, Levin said. He expressed confidence that Congress could craft legislation that presses China on the currency issue without violating World Trade Organization rules. But Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson has made clear that he does not want the additional legislative tools and that he prefers to seek a faster pace of economic reform in China through discussion, especially in a "strategic economic dialogue" that he initiated with Beijing last December. Sobel's appearance before the House subcommittee was a bid by Treasury to wave off more legislation in Congress, where anger at China has been mounting and has helped fuel the bid to force Beijing into faster currency appreciation. "We appreciate the frustrations of Congress with the slow pace of Chinese reform. Indeed, we strongly share those frustrations," Sobel said. "Yet we continue to believe that direct, robust engagement with China is the best means of achieving progress." Paulson has just returned on Wednesday night from his fourth trip to China since taking over Treasury just over a year ago. Again he was unable to persuade Chinese officials to offer any commitment to speed up currency reforms. Paulson told reporters in Beijing that Chinese officials whom he met, including President Hu Jintao, intended to move ahead with economic reforms including on currency but that the country's economic stability was critically important. The failure to get firm Chinese promises on currency has fed into a sense in Congress that China does not play fair on trade rules. Sobel said Paulson had "conveyed a strong message about the need for far more vigorous action by China to correct the undervaluation of renminbi (RMB), take immediate action to lift the RMB's value and achieve far greater currency flexibility." China's yuan is also known as the renminbi. David Spooner, the Commerce Department's assistant secretary for import administration, echoed some of Sobel's worry that Congress's actions could rebound against the United States because they might violate global trade rules. "I must make clear that the Department of Commerce is deeply concerned that the other legislative proposals that have been advanced to date raise serious concerns under international trade rules," Spooner said, adding that could trigger a global cycle of protectionist legislation. Similarly, the U.S. Trade Representative's deputy general counsel, Daniel Brinza, warned that Congress needed to beware approving legislative proposals that did not comply with rules set by the World Trade Organization. Doing so would undermine U.S. credibility when it tries to persuade others to abide by WTO rulings, Brinza said.

China on Friday issued its first regulation on human organ transplants, banning organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form.The regulation, issued by the State Council, or China's cabinet, will go into effect on May 1.The regulation does not apply to transplants of human tissue, such as cells, cornea and marrow.Human organ transplants are defined as the process of taking a human organ or part of a human organ - such as the heart, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas - from a donor and transplanting it into a patient's body to replace his or her sick or damaged organ.The regulation stipulates that human organ transplants should respect the principle of being voluntary and free donation.The regulation comprises 32 articles in five chapters, including human organ donations, human organ transplants, legal responsibilities and supplementary points. It covers transplant quality and aims to safeguard citizen's lawful rights.

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At the end of a dusty narrow path cutting through a stretch of cornfields on the outskirts of Qingyang, an obscure town in Henan Province, looms a 3-hectare ground dotted with green tents, armored cars and bulldozers. Over the past three months, 315 Chinese engineering troops have gone through the rigors of tough day-night training here. And in a month from now, they will travel more than 8,000 km to Darfur in Sudan to be part of a special UN peacekeeping mission.Commander of UN Mission in Sudan Lieutenant General Jasbir Singh Lidder (L) hands over Unit Citations to Chinese peacekeepers for their excellent performance at the base of the Chinese peacekeeping troops on September 12, 2007. [Xinhua]The first international group of peacekeepers to be deployed in Darfur will build barracks, roads and bridges, and dig wells, which form the key to the accession of more UN peacekeepers to the region. The drills the engineering troops, with the UN's blue berets, perform in front a group of reporters from home and abroad show what they are capable of. In about 10 minutes, bulldozers and road-rollers smoothen a potholed path and soldiers use bare hands to move a 40-meter stretch of steel bridge into place over a ditch. In less than that time, another squad builds a cabin with prefabricated aluminum walls and a "UN" symbol on its side. On show, too, are impressive wrestling and battlefield aid performances."The engineering unit is manned by sturdy, versatile soldiers, mainly from the Jinan Military Area," says Lieutenant Colonel Dai Shaoan, deputy director of the Ministry of National Defense's peacekeeping affairs office. "They have wide experience in building roads and bridges and are fully competent for the mission."The Chinese troops are part of the "Annan Plan", a three-phased approach proposed by former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan to end the Darfur crisis. The plan calls for deploying a joint UN-African Union (AU) peacekeeping force in the 500,000-square-km arid Darfur region, plagued by conflicts over limited resources. Their deployment has been made possible after a hard-won diplomatic tug-of-war.Dai says the UN invited China in April to dispatch a multi-functional engineering unit to Dafur. Four months later, the world body requested that the unit be dispatched in early October."We are doing the preparatory jobs in line with the prescribed timetable to guarantee smooth implementation of the peacekeeping operation," says engineering unit head Shangguan Linhong.The force comprises three engineering platoons, a platoon each of well-diggers and 40 guards, a small hospital unit, 145 vehicles including excavators, bulldozers, road-rollers, power generators and armored personnel carriers, Shangguan says. All the vehicles are "brand new" from domestic companies and have undergone strict tests in line with UN standards.Since its formation in mid-June, the engineering unit has attended intensive courses, from emergency aid to simulating heat in Darfur and from studying UN regulations to getting to know Sudanese culture. "Everyone in our unit can communicate in English to a certain extent," Shangguan says.The UN raised the alarm on Darfur in 2003, and began looking for a lasting resolution to the ethnic conflict. The Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) was signed in May 2006, thanks to intensive diplomatic and political efforts of the UN, AU and other partners. It took more than one year after that to persuade the Sudanese authorities to accept the UN-AU "hybrid" peacekeeping force.President Hu Jintao met with his Sudanese counterpart Omar al-Bashir in Beijing last November and in Khartoum in February, and asked him to be flexible in his stance over Darfur and ensure that humanitarian aid was distributed properly among the refugees. In March, when Sudan and the UN differed over the implementation of the Annan Plan, China sent a special envoy several times to Khartoum to persuade the government to accept the UN resolution."I think the Sudanese government heeded China's advice," China's special representative for Darfur Liu Guijin said at a press conference in early July. Sudan agreed in June to have the "hybrid" force in Darfur after intense diplomatic efforts of the UN and the international community. Besides, China offered million in humanitarian aid to Sudan, with the last installment leaving Tianjin last month.The latest situation in Darfur is a mixture of good and bad. The UN says the mortality rate in the region is now below the emergency level because of the massive humanitarian efforts of the last four years. Also, malnutrition has been halved from mid-2004, when the crisis reached its peak.But in June, the UN Environment Programme reported an "unprecedented" long-term climate change in northern Darfur, saying its impacts are closely linked to the conflict.This is a real challenge for the Chinese engineering troops, but they are not unnecessarily perturbed. In fact, they are ready to overcome all obstacles on the road to peace."The challenges ahead of our peacekeeping troops are obvious," says Dai. Poor living conditions, lack of proper infrastructure and complex security situations are the obvious challenges. "But our army has a glorious tradition of being hard-working, particularly combat-worthy and of playing a contributory role."Major Ma, an officer with the engineering troops, says Chinese soldiers see the UN peacekeeping operation as a glorious opportunity. "Implementing a mission so far from the country and being part of the efforts to maintain peace in the world is a unique experience."All the soldiers in the battalion which Ma used to serve in the Jinan Military Area had applied to be part of the engineering unit for Darfur, and they included 18-year-old recruits, he says, and they had the full support of their families.But is Ma worried about the dangers in Darfur? The major says: "What we think of most is how to do a nice job. Danger and difficulties are normal for servicemen."China's peacekeepers till nowSince dispatching five military observers to the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1990, China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has sent 8,095 military personnel to 17 UN peacekeeping missions. Altogether, 1,648 Chinese officers and soldiers are serving in 10 UN missions and the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations today.Lieutenant Colonel Dai Shaoan, deputy director of the Ministry of National Defense's peacekeeping affairs office, says China will participate only in those peacekeeping missions that are in line with the UN Charter, which means those operations overseen by the UN Security Council.China has contributed peacekeepers in the shape of engineers and medical and transport units. It has not sent any combat troops for peacekeeping operations.But Dai says China has a "positive" attitude towards sending combat troops for future UN peacekeeping operations.

An increasing amount of investment capital is flowing from the Chinese stock market to the relatively stable real estate markets in major cities like Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen, according to several banks and property consultancies. Low- and medium-level residential properties have been attracting the bulk of the funds diverted from stocks, while luxury residential houses and office buildings are taking in a much smaller share, according to a recent survey by Shenzhen-based Worldunion Properties Consultancy (China) Limited. The survey, which covers 16 real estate projects in Shenzhen, Beijing and Tianjin, estimates that funds diverted from stocks accounted for around 50 percent of the total transactions in low- to medium-priced residential properties from October 2006 to June 2007, 10 to 20 percent in luxury apartments and about the same percentage in office premises. "The volatility of the stock market after the stamp tax hike in late May has also increased the potential risks and reduced the returns of stock investment, prompting many risk-averse investors to shift their focus to the property market," the Worldunion report said. "It can be seen from the weak and uncertain performance of the stock market and the strong performance of property prices in various major cities," the report said. Housing prices in 70 large-and medium-sized cities in China continued to rise in June, up 7.1 percent over the same period last year, while the Shanghai Composite Index dropped 7 percent that month. "From my experience in other markets, the risks of investment in real estate are relatively lower than that in the stock market," said Mao Zhi, a professor at China Real Estate Index Research Academy. Some are even selling their stocks to pay for house loans before the recent lending rate hike of 27 basis points. These funds have indirectly flowed into the real estate market, analysts said. "The interest rate hike is not expected to have a negative impact on the property market. The gap between long-term deposit and lending rates narrowed only 9 basis points after the rate adjustment, showing that the measure is not targeting the real estate market," said Li Maoyu, an analyst at Changjiang Securities. At the macro level, the fund flow trend from stocks to real estate is reflected in the sharp increase in bank loans, economists and market analysts said. According to statistics from the People's Bank of China, the increase of loans outstanding in June alone was 451.5 billion yuan, while it's only 247.3 billion in May. Of the additional increase of 56.6 billion yuan loans from the same time a year ago, 79.9 percent were household loans. "Since the majority of household loans were mortgage loans, it's clear that more funds have been relocated to the property market lately," said Shen Minggao, an economist at Citigroup. "Investments in luxury residential properties also shot up as many investors cashed out of the Shanghai stock market and turned to luxury properties as long-term investments," said Lina Wong, managing director of Colliers, an international real estate service provider. In line with the increased transaction volume, selling price for luxury properties grew 2.7 percent in the first half, compared with 3.5 percent in the past 12 months. The rents also grew 2.9 percent, while it rose 3.8 percent from last June. Worldunion said it's like the two markets are on a seesaw, when "one goes up, the other comes down." The National Bureau of Statistics has announced that China's real estate investment rose 28.5 percent from a year earlier to 988.7 billion yuan in the first half of 2007. "Anticipation of further renminbi appreciation should secure a continuous inflow of foreign capital and help fuel the property market," said Wong of Colliers.