关于罪刑法定的社会调研报告

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BEIJING, Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislature concluded its four-day, bimonthly session Thursday, after approving the country's first armed police law and climate change resolution.     Top legislator Wu Bangguo told the closing meeting of the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) that the new armed police law clarified the nature, command mechanism, responsibilities, duties and rights of the paramilitary force. "It offers solid legal backing for the armed police to complete the country's security tasks, maintain social stability and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations," Wu said.     Climate change has been an issue of concern among lawmakers.     Wu said the newly-approved resolution was an "important achievement" and a significant measure taken by the top legislature to deal with the global challenge.     Wu, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, said the resolution praised the government's work on climate change, emphasized the importance of the issue, clarified guidelines, basic policies, measures as well as China's stance.     He said lawmakers proposed many suggestions on a climate change report, presented by the State Council (Cabinet), and a draft of the resolution.     Lawmakers agreed climate change was a challenge faced by all humankind and needed international cooperation.     Wu said China "as a responsible nation" had been focusing on the issue, set energy efficiency and environmental protection as basic state policies and achieving sustainable development as national strategies.     He said the country had made laws and regulations to climate change and set energy saving and emissions reductions as binding targets in the state's medium and long-term development plan. The 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) is held in Beijing, China, Aug. 27, 2009. The 10th session was closed on Thursday in Beijing. The country had "actively participated international cooperation on climate change and made contributions in mitigating and adapting to climate change."     He said the NPC Standing Committee "actively" made and improved laws related to the issue, listened to work reports regularly and conducted law enforcement inspections on resources and environment, which offered great support to the work of the government.     The top legislature also agreed Thursday a legislation overhaul with the updating and revision of 141 provisions in 59 different laws.     Wu said the collective updating and revision of laws was an important step to ensure a legal system with Chinese features would become "more scientific, unified and harmonious" and form a complete socialist legal system by 2010.     "The law revisions at this session solve the problem that some laws and regulations are incompatible with the economic and social development," he said.     This was the second legislation overhaul after the NPC Standing Committee in June agreed to abolish eight outdated and redundant laws, including one covering police stations that dated back to 1954.     Wu said the next step was to revise laws quickly, and asked government departments to enact regulations to help implement the laws, and streamline local regulations.     He said one of the focuses of the NPC's supervision work was to oversee the economy. One of the roles of NPC Standing Committee was supervision of the government.     He said due to the complicated domestic and overseas economic situation, the NPC took supervision of the implementation of the government's important decisions as top priority.     Each legislative session since April had deliberated work reports of some government departments, he said.     The NPC Standing Committee also investigated topics such as affordable housing construction at the suggestion of lawmakers. It would also supervise the implementation of the central government's public investment plan valued at 908 billion yuan (133.5 billion U.S. dollars) this year, part of the 4-trillion-yuan stimulus plan initiated late last year.     Wu said the investigation report on low-rent housing would be submitted to a legislative session in October.     "Such work plays an important role in promoting the implementation of central government decisions and stable and relatively fast economic development."     Wu said this session listened to a routine report on the implementation of the government's plan of economic and social development, as well as a report on economic restructuring and transforming the development model.     Lawmakers agreed that although the economy suffered a big drop during the fourth quarter last year, the 7.1-percent GDP growth in the first half of this year showed sound momentum, "which was not easy and a result of the efforts of the whole country."     Wu said it showed that the central government's decision of dealing with the impact of the global economic downturn was "completely correct" and the measures taken were "timely and effective."     Legislators said efforts should be made to ensure this year's economic and social development goals could be achieved.     The top legislature also accepted Thursday the resignation of Cui Mingjie, an entrepreneur of central Henan Province, from his post as NPC deputy, for alleged involvement in "serious economic crimes."     It also approved the expulsion of two NPC deputies -- Xu Zongheng, former mayor of south China's Shenzhen City, and Liu Youjun, director of the Guangdong provincial department of labor and social security -- for "serious violations of discipline."     According to the Credentials Committee of the NPC Standing Committee, the total number of deputies to the 11th NPC stands at 2,979.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC)and the government are to deepen the educational campaign on national unity, Liu Yunshan, head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, said Monday.     At a televised conference held by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Education, and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission in Beijing, Liu said strengthening education on national unity was necessary "for safeguarding national unification and opposing separatism", as well as "for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Liu Yunshan, head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and the CPC Central Committee Secretariat, addresses the televised conference held by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Education, and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission to deepen the educational campaign on national unity, in Beijing, China, on Aug. 24, 2009    Liu called for the educational campaign to be combined with the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.     The campaign should highlight the fact that national unity serves the supreme interests of all Chinese people from different ethnic groups, he said.     China's regional autonomy system was one of the country's basic political systems that was appropriate for the country's realities and could resolve ethnic problems, said Liu, also a member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.     The history of China was a history of unity and progress for the Chinese nation, while the past 60 years had witnessed great achievements and changes in ethnic regions, he said.

COPENHAGEN, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) -- The impressive celebrations on Oct. 1 has testified that China is now a very important country in the world and holds a strong position globally, a European expert on China said.     The celebrations to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China "were very impressive," Kjeld Erik Broedsgaard, professor and director of the Asia Research Center in Copenhagen Business School, told Xinhua in a recent interview.     "I think China now is in a stronger position globally than it was in any times since 1949. The celebrations really testify that this is the case," said Broedsgaard, who has been closely following the development of China for more than 30 years.     China's economic, political and cultural influence has been on the rise in recent years, said Broedsgaard, who has written and edited 18 books and monographs on modern China and East Asian affairs.     Describing China as being at the "forefront in terms of economic development," the Danish professor said China's role is "critical" in tackling the global financial crisis.     On China's political influence, he said China has taken part in "a variety of multilateral for a" in addition to international organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the United Nations.     The Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 also showed China's increasing significance, he observed.     Culturally, "China is also in a position where soft power is increasing," said Broedsgaard, who is a member of the Advisory Committee of the EU-China Academic Network and the Sino-Danish Joint Committee for Cooperation in Science, Technology, and Innovation.     Many people are interested in the Chinese tradition and culture, while more and more people are studying the Chinese language, he said, taking South Korea as an instance.     There are more people in South Korea studying Chinese than English, he explained.     Confucius institutes have been established in many countries, he said, adding that there is a Confucius Business Institute in Copenhagen.     As for the problems that China faces, Broedsgaard said that "there are always problems when a country rises."     But he said it is useful to remember history and put things in a historical perspective, adding that it is very important to remember that this is the "re-emergence" of China, which was a strong and important country in the past.     To ease the concerns of other countries, China has to relate to its partners and major powers and reassure them that it is a win-win situation in which "I get stronger, but you also get benefit," he said.     Broedsgaard also commented on the party building of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which was a focus of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee held in Beijing from Sept. 15 to Sept. 18.     "The whole issue of party building is important because the quality of leadership is important," he said, adding that the failure of the Soviet Union in the 1990s was part of "a question of the quality of leadership."     The CPC has been able to reform, renew and revitalize itself, he said.

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BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- Clean streets replete with national flags, major road intersections adorned with ornate potted plants, Beijing is in gala attire early Thursday for the massive celebration commemorating the 60th founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China.     The event will showcase how the country explores the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristic in the past decades, and what great achievements it has attained.     A shower made the city clean Wednesday night and early Thursday morning after rain-inducing chemicals were fired into the sky above Beijing that was filled by smoke and vapor in the past two days.     Weather cleared up as of 9:00 a.m. and sunshine seems plenty for the well-prepared air force echelons to take off.     Hundreds of thousands of people are gathering on Tian'anmen Square and along Chang'an Avenue in central Beijing to experience the grandiose celebration that will boost their national pride.     Many people had an early rise Thursday morning to get prepared to watch the much-anticipated military and civilian parade either alongside the parade route or on TV. Photo taken on Oct. 1, 2009 shows the general view of Tian'anmen in the early morning. China will celebrate on Oct. 1 the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of ChinaDu Jiayuan, a sales manager at a Guangzhou-headquartered leather product company, said he was excited about the celebration as 60 years means a full cycle of the Chinese zodiac.     "The 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China is a very important moment. It is a symbol of maturity for both a person and a country," Du said.     With the grandiose military parade and massive pageant drawing near, Tian'anmen Square is in full swing to embrace the extravaganza which will add an upbeat note to the anniversary.     At the center of Tian'anmen Square, right next to the Monument to the People's Heroes, two gigantic digital screens are displaying the capital's scenic views and landmark buildings. They are planked with 56 columns, 13meters tall and painted in red and yellow, representing the country's 56 nationalities.     William Poirier, vice president of the Nuclear Power Plants China of Westinghouse Electric Company, said he was very impressed by the 56 columns of ethnic unity and the massive digital screens on Tian'anmen Square.     The columns represent a wonderful part of the Chinese culture while the screens China's good technology, he said, adding the upcoming parade would be a grand display of many aspects of China.     Tens of thousands of colorfully-clad youngsters have gathered on the square to prepare for their performance slated for Thursday morning.     J. C. M. Busbhman, a flower bulb expert from the Netherlands, told reporters at the scene that he was "so impressed by the amount of children" on Tian'anmen Square.     He said he had never watched a military parade of such a scale and had great expectations for the upcoming one.     Soldiers, armored vehicles and state-of-the-art weaponry carried on motor vehicles left suburban military camps early in the morning and are lining up at the east Chang'an boulevard, the designated rendezvous.     Soldiers are singing barrack ballads while civilians gather around colorful floats opposite the soldiers are cheering to the rhythm.     The youngest formation of all is composed of freshmen from the elite Tsinghua University. Most of the participants of the formation were born after the year 1990 and did not attend the previous rehearsals.     Guo Xiaoyang, a teacher from the university, said they will bring about the best of modern Chinese young people during the upcoming parade.     Flags on Tian'anmen Rostrum flutter in the autumn breeze. Later in the morning, Chinese top leaders, like their predecessors, will be standing on the rostrum and watch the grand show of armed forces and masses.     Municipal authorities have exercised traffic control measures along the Chang'an Avenue. Entrances to affected subway stations are locked and taxis are not allowed to operate in the areas cordoned off.     Opposite Wangfujing Street, a prime shopping center in downtown Beijing, a miniature of the Bird's Nest, where the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies were held, was constructed. Right across the street, there stood the Haibao, mascot of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai.     Potted plants and flowers line up the streets while colorful posters are pasted on walls, and celebration slogans can be seen on billboards. There are also ornamental plants and plant structures in the shape of dragon, Great Wall, and all symbols of the country's pride.     The grand military parade scheduled to be held at 10 a.m. Thursday will be the 14th parade since 1949, the year when the People's Republic of China was founded.     The most recent massive parade was in 1999 when New China marked its 50th birthday.     Military parades normally feature a display of formations of the armed forces, as well as new weapons, artillery, tanks, armored vehicles, and aircraft.

XINING, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- China will put environmental concerns as top priority in tackling ways to exploit combustible ice, a kind of natural gas hydrate, in the permanent tundra in its northwest plateau region, said a combustible ice project leader.     "We do not need to drill very deep to get the flammable frozen compound from tundra here in Muli Prefecture in Qinghai Province. However, as the sample is taken out, methane gas is easily released into the atmosphere," said Wen Huaijun, chief engineer of the combustible ice project in Qinghai.     He said the project team under the China National Administration of Coal Geology is carrying out research to guarantee that the exploitation of the frozen natural gas does not cause environmental problems.     Combustible ice is regarded as a potential source of alternative energy to coal and oil. One cubic meter of combustible ice can release 164 cubic meters of natural gas.     The Ministry of Land Resources said on Friday that the prospective volume of the natural gas hydrate in the country's frozen earth regions is estimated to reach 35 billion tonnes of oil equivalent.     China announced the first discovery of the resource under the bed of the South China Sea in May 2007.     Wen said the environmental threats from the use of the resource even in a land-based region is enormous, because it releases carbon dioxide or methane into the atmosphere.     "The plateau region is very sensitive to environmental changes. The biological conditions here are vulnerable," he said.     Combustible ice usually exists in seabed or tundra areas (two mediums having the strong pressure and low temperature necessary to its stability). It can be lit up like solid ethanol, which is why it has the name "combustible ice."     Wen said the combustible ice research project has been carried in Muli Prefecture, 4,100 meters above sea level, since 2004.     "It still takes time and a huge amount of research investment to realize the dream of exploiting the resource, while ensuring the environment," he said.     Wang Jianbin, deputy director of the Qinghai Bureau of Land Resources, said at the present stage, the project focus is still to ascertain locations of the deposit, and carry out a feasibility study on its exploitation.

TAIPEI, Aug.15 (Xinhua) -- Typhoon Morakot has killed at least 124 people and left 56 missing in Taiwan as of 10 p.m. Saturday, according to local disaster response authorities. Another 45 people were injured after the typhoon, the worst on the island in nearly five decades, wreaked havoc across central and southern regions.     Sixty-six people died in Kaohsiung, 25 in Tainan, 16 in Pingdong, six in Chiayi, seven in Nantou, three in Changhua and one in Yunlin.     Nearly 23,700 people have been evacuated, and almost 5,000 are taking refuge in 170 sheltering camps.     Morakot has caused more than 12 billion New Taiwan Dollars (365million U.S. dollars) in damages to agriculture and forestry. Among the worst-hit regions are Pingdong, Kaohsiung and Tainan.     People from a wide range of social sectors in Taiwan have donated cash and materials worth millions of New Taiwan Dollars to support the disaster-relief work. Photo taken on Aug. 14, 2009 shows a house buried by debris flow in Kaohsiung, southeast China's Taiwan Province.Charities and enterprises on the mainland also offered relief-assistance to the island.     On Saturday, an official with the Taiwan Work Office of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, said the mainland will provide any necessary relief materials needed by Taiwan compatriots affected by the typhoon.     The office has requested factories to manufacture portable shelters day and night, and the first batch is expected to arrive in Taiwan Monday at the soonest. Villagers search for lost belongings in a damaged village in Kaohsiung, southeast China's Taiwan Province, Aug. 14, 2009

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BEIJING, Sept. 14 (Xinhua) -- China is to launch a two-year campaign to fight corruption and misconduct in the construction sector, the Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) said Monday.     The move aimed to crack down on offences such as embezzlement, bribery and misconduct in the construction sector and improve the system to prevent offences.     Zhang Geng, SPP deputy procurator general, said the procuratorates nationwide had investigated 16,830 bribery cases in the sector from January 2006 to June 2009, accounting for 46 percent of all commercial bribery cases during that time.     The campaign will focus its efforts on offences such as corruption resulting in substandard construction and giving the green light to construction without a permit.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and other top leaders watched a large-scale musical epic on Monday recounting the country's road from the Opium War in 1840 to 2009, together with people from all walks of life in Beijing.     The nearly three-hour musical "Road to Revival", in dedication to the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was staged at the Great Hall of the People. Chinese President Hu Jintao (5th L front) and other top leaders watch a large-scale musical epic "Road to Revival" recounting the country's road from the Opium War in 1840 to 2009, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing Sept. 28, 2009, together with people from all walks of life in Beijing. All members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and former President Jiang Zemin watched the performance, in dedication to the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China Dancers and singers recounted important episodes in modern and contemporary Chinese history.     The musical highlighted the tremendous changes that have taken place since the founding of the PRC under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.     All members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and former President Jiang Zemin watched the performance.

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BEIJING, July 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao vowed to stick to the proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy in the second half year to sustain stable and relatively fast economic growth.     Hu, who is also general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), made the remarks at a conference with leaders of the country's leading non-Communist Parties on Thursday in Beijing.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and other senior leaders including top political advisor Jia Qinglin, Vice President Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Li Keqiang, attended the meeting.     Hu said the Chinese economy is generally improving because of the stimulus packages the Chinese government rolled out to weather the global economic downturn, but caution against risks should be strengthened.     The macroeconomic policies should be maintained to consolidate the current recovery to achieve the goal of eight-percent economic growth for this year, Hu said.     China's annual economic growth quickened to 7.9 percent in the second quarter of this year, mainly boosted by a 33.5 percent surge in fixed-asset investment driven by powerful fiscal and monetary stimulus. The figure was compared with the 6.1 percent economic growth in the first quarter and 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter of last year.     Hu called for thorough implementation of stimulus measures to expand domestic demand. The government tried to boost domestic demand to offset falling exports because of a slump of global demand. The measures included programs of rural home appliance subsidy and home appliance replacement and purchase tax cuts on autos.     Economic restructuring and innovation should be enhanced to ensure economic recovery, Hu said.     In rural development, Hu called for efforts to boost grain production and increase farmers' income through various channels. More investment should go to ethnic, border and poor regions, Hu added.

BEIJING, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Wednesday called for more policy assistance and financial support to encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).     Attendees at a State Council executive meeting, chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao, agreed that promoting the sound development of the SMEs was of great importance to maintain economic growth and social stability.     The government would exert more efforts to improve the policy and law system to create a more open and fair competition environment for SMEs.     Measures would be taken to help SMEs tackle financing difficulties, and the establishment of the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), the country's first Nasdaq-style market, would speedup helping small companies raise fund.     The central government would also increase funding to support the SMEs, especially in sectors such as technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment and employment.     The government would pick some SMEs to participate in the country's subsidized purchasing program of home appliances, agricultural machinery and automobiles in rural areas as well as the auto, home appliance replacement program.     Attendees at the meeting demanded better services for SMEs and support to promote technological progress and structure adjustment in SMEs.     They also reviewed and approved draft regulations on national body-building and on the administration of joint-venture establishment of foreign companies or individuals in China. Both regulations would be released to public after further revision.