幼童与黄昏

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事业单位考试时事政治6月份132题

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

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BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, a senior leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC), on Tuesday urged to provide the country's blind people with easier access to braille publications, textbooks and library services.Li, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, made the comment when inspecting the China Braille Publishing House in Beijing.Li Changchun (C), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC), looks at a braille book during his visit to the China Braille Publishing House in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 2, 2010He said the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to the well-being of China's handicapped population, including the blind people.He called for stepped-up efforts to provide the blind with better cultural products and services to satisfy their growing need.

BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China named and shamed more than 10,000 workshops and selling groups in dust and poisonous material-related industries last year in a bid to fight against occupational diseases, according to the Ministry of Health (MOH).The figure was revealed at a national meeting on food safety and sanitation supervision here Monday amid an ongoing campaign on regulating workshops and selling companies in the fields of mining, quartzite processing, gem processing, stone processing, smelting and cement production among others.The campaign, starting in last August, was jointly launched by the State Administration of Work Safety, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and All-China Federation of Labor.Earlier this month, 152 workers at an electrical and lighting company in south China's Guangdong Province were found to have suspected mercury poisoning, showing symptoms such as headaches, hair loss, joint aches and shivers.According to the company, all six production lines of the workshop used liquid mercury, but some workers seldom took the trouble to wear a mask at work.Vice Health Minister Chen Xiaohong said at the meeting that the ministry is currently working with other departments to set up regular meetings at ministerial level on the prevention and control of occupational diseases.The MOH is also aiming to set up a network against occupational diseases at grassroot level while providing basic job-related health services for migrant workers, said Chen.

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BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- China said on Monday protectionism of the United States has "seriously affected" their trade ties and urged it to stop abusing trade remedy measures.The Ministry of Commerce spokesman Yao Jian made the comments on the ministry's website in response to recent U.S. decisions to impose anti-dumping duties on electric blankets and wire trays from China and an anti-dumping and anti-subsidy probe into Chinese steel drill pipes."Since the outbreak of the financial crisis, the U.S. trade protectionism has been apparently on the rise, and China has become the biggest victim of U.S. abuse of trade relief measures", said Yao.Yao said a recent accusation by a senior U.S. commerce official that China has set barriers against foreign investment was "totally contrary to the facts."China is the third largest export market of the U.S., and has been the fastest growing one for years. U.S. exports to China reached 77.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, driving down the U.S.-China trade deficit by 16 percent, he said."Absorbing foreign investment is part of China's basic state policy of opening-up," said Yao. "China has always been making efforts to provide a more open and more optimized investment environment for domestic and foreign investors.""Some countries themselves resort to trade protectionism, but turn around and accuse others. This is not only unreasonable but also not good for its own economic recovery," he said.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- The government must mobilize the public to safeguard security, which is the priority of the Shanghai World Expo, the top Shanghai official said Wednesday.The measures to ensure a secure Expo need understanding and support from the public, said Yu Zhengsheng, secretary of the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee. "We can minimize the elements of potential dangers only if we trust, rely on and mobilize the grassroot organizations and the public."Yu made the remarks at the ongoing annual session of the municipal advisory body.The measures in safeguarding security and smooth traffic would interrupt the citizens's daily life. The government should seek public opinions and understanding to hold a successful Expo, he said."We should call for citizens to carry as few bags as possible or even no bags when traveling by subway so as to reduce the pressure on security checks," he said.The 2010 World Expo will be held from May 1 to Oct. 31 in Shanghai, expected to attract an record total of 70 million visitors.

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhua)-- China's Ministry of Finance (MOF) announced Wednesday it would issue a batch of ten-year book-entry treasury bonds with a total par value of 26 billion yuan (3.8 billion U.S. dollars) starting on Thursday.The batch is the 7th of its kind the MOF has issued this year. The issue of this batch of T-bonds ends on March 29, according to a statement on the MOF's official website.The bonds would be traded on the interbank bond market and securities bond market from March 31.The bonds have a fixed annual interest rate of 3.36 percent, with the interests to be paid every half year, on March 25 and Sept. 25, respectively, according to the statement.The last interest payments and principals would be paid back together on March 25, 2020, statement said.  Book-entry bonds are the bonds recorded in the investors' securities accounts called book entries. They can be traded on the open market, and their market prices can deviate from par value.

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BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese leader Zhou Yongkang has encouraged students from Xinjiang who are attending school in southern Guangdong Province to study hard and become qualified builders of the country.Zhou, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China(CPC) Central Committee, made the remarks when replying to a letter written by the 12th graders of Guangdong Guangya High School on Sunday, or the first day of the Chinese Lunar New Year.Zhou visited the time-honored school in Guangzhou, capital of the southern province, last September and talked with the students from northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. They wrote a letter to Zhou before the Spring Festival, which fell on Sunday.Zhou said in the letter that launching classes for high school students from Xinjiang in inland provinces is a major decision made by the Party and the government. It aims to let Xinjiang's children to enjoy better education so they can grow up healthily and make greater contributions to their hometown and the country.Zhou said the 56 ethnic groups in the country are a family and they have gone through thick and thin together to forge the flesh-and-blood ties.Zhou said the Party and government are exerting great efforts to address major issues including development gap between southern Xinjiang and other western regions, and the eastern coastal regions of the country.He told students that the CPC Central Committee is to hold a meeting on Xinjiang work, at which major decision will be made to boost Xinjiang's development. He also encouraged students to contribute to ethnic solidarity and safeguard the national unity.

LONDON, March 14 (Xinhua) -- China's efforts of switching economic growth pattern would help to make an overall more stable world economy, said John Hawksworth, head of macroeconomics of PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC), one of the world's four largest accounting firms.He told Xinhua in a recent interview that this would also ultimately be good for China in the long term. There will be a reduction in the global trade imbalances in the long run with China's efforts of shifting economic growth pattern.China's adjustment important for world economyHawksworth said that China plays its part in making these adjustments, which is important for the long-term stability of the world economy. That is because China is a very important player, the world's biggest economy after the United State.Meanwhile, he emphasized that other economies should also make adjustments and play their parts for the world economy.He said that the United States need to control its high level of government borrowing. The same applies to European countries with high levels of borrowing."So all the main economies need to adjust and China is an very important element in the overall adjustment process," said Hawksworth.He was optimistic about the prospects for China in the efforts of shifting its economic growth pattern."It will remain a very strong growing economy and I'm optimistic that it will meet challenges and will continue to increase its relative importance in the world economy over the next 10 or 20 years," he said.Long-term process for China to shift economic growth patternWith regards to the main reasons for China to shift its economic growth pattern, Hawksworth said that in the long run China wants to promote consumer spending as a big driver of growth.China has been quite reliant on exports and investment in the past, he said. "Ultimately as China becomes a bigger part of the world economy, it can't continue to grow exports as fast as before. Also opportunities for more and more investment will be increasing. ""In the long run, you'll be better if more of China's growth would be dependent on consumer spending," he said.However, he said that China can not suddenly switch to consumer spending. "It has to be a long-term process and would also depend on other types of policies."For example, he said providing better healthcare provision at the moment is quite important because Chinese households are concerned about their future health care and therefore don't like to spend money.He also said that it might be encouraged by gradual move towards an increase in the Chinese exchange rate which would tend to reduce the price of imports and therefore boost consumption and boost the household spending power."It is a combination of policies which can't be done overnight, there has to be a long-term process over 10 years or more to gradually take effect," said Hawksworth.Short- and long-term challenges for ChinaAt the same time, Hawksworth said China is facing some short- and long-term challenges in the process of shifting its economic growth pattern.As for the short-term challenges, he said that China has obviously put a lot of emphasis on government spending and investment to stimulate the economy during the global financial crisis."Although that has been quite successful, it may also have led to some dangers of an overheating with increases in property prices and asset prices," he warned.He said that is a short-term problem which really requires a gradual tightening of monetary policy. Some restrictions on bank lending are also needed to avoid this asset price bubble getting out of control.In his view, the long-term challenge is about moving towards an economy that is more driven by household spending."This is partly about encouraging households to feel more confident about the future, about providing better healthcare from the state or better pensions to the households," he said.

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BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China named and shamed more than 10,000 workshops and selling groups in dust and poisonous material-related industries last year in a bid to fight against occupational diseases, according to the Ministry of Health (MOH).The figure was revealed at a national meeting on food safety and sanitation supervision here Monday amid an ongoing campaign on regulating workshops and selling companies in the fields of mining, quartzite processing, gem processing, stone processing, smelting and cement production among others.The campaign, starting in last August, was jointly launched by the State Administration of Work Safety, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and All-China Federation of Labor.Earlier this month, 152 workers at an electrical and lighting company in south China's Guangdong Province were found to have suspected mercury poisoning, showing symptoms such as headaches, hair loss, joint aches and shivers.According to the company, all six production lines of the workshop used liquid mercury, but some workers seldom took the trouble to wear a mask at work.Vice Health Minister Chen Xiaohong said at the meeting that the ministry is currently working with other departments to set up regular meetings at ministerial level on the prevention and control of occupational diseases.The MOH is also aiming to set up a network against occupational diseases at grassroot level while providing basic job-related health services for migrant workers, said Chen.

BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese mainland announced Sunday it would extend anti-dumping measures by five years on imports of phenol from Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United States and Taiwan.The Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said in a statement posted on its website that it decided to review the measures a year ago in response to applications from domestic phenol companies.According to the MOC, if anti-dumping measures were discontinued, dumping of phenol might continue and would hurt the domestic industry again.However, the MOC did not provide further information concerning what the measures were and when they would take effect.Phenol is a chemical compound used in the production of some medicines, plastics, pesticides and synthetic resins.

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