地质工程实习报告

中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

BEIJING, March 12 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Friday a stronger yuan offers no help for solving the Sino-U.S. trade imbalance problem, and China opposes politicizing yuan's appreciation.Su Ning, vice governor of the People's Bank of China, made the comments a day after U.S. President Barack Obama told the U.S. Export-Import Bank's annual conference that a more market-oriented exchange rate of yuan will make an essential contribution to global rebalancing efforts."We do not think a country should rely others to solve its own problems," Su, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, said on the sidelines of the top political advisory body's annual session.The U.S. Department of Commerce said on March 11 that the U.S. trade deficit with China increased to 18.3 billion U.S. dollars in January from 18.14 billion U.S. dollars in December. The increase renewed the U.S. call for a stronger yuan as it claimed the current exchange rate gives Chinese goods unfair price advantages.Su said although yuan has gained more than 20 percent since it depegged the U.S. dollars in June 2005, China's trade surplus tripled from 100 billion U.S. dollars in 2004 to nearly 300 billion U.S. dollars in 2008.In addition, he argued, a weaker U.S. dollar does not help cut the U.S. deficit. As the U.S. dollar depreciated by 3 percent annually in average between 2002 and 2008, its deficit soared from 500 billion U.S. dollars to 900 billion U.S. dollars, Su said.Tan Yaling, a financial researcher with Peking University, said as nations have different roles in international trade and differ in resources, what they produce, consume and want can be very different."It is unfair that the United States, on the one hand, consumes cheap Chinese goods, while on the other hand, it blames the low prices for causing their domestic job losses," she said.The Obama administration's continuous calls for a stronger yuan is actually aimed at diverting attentions from its domestic woes, experts said.To grapple with high unemployment rate and uncertain recovery prospects, Obama has to do something on job promotion to secure victory in the mid-term election in November this year, said Chen Zhiwu, a financial professor with Yale University.To curb soaring unemployment and boost growth, Obama has announced a special task force on a mission of doubling the U.S. exports in five years, as he said the U.S. can not "stand on the sidelines," as other countries are busy negotiating trade deals.Cheng Enfu, a deputy to the National People' s Congress (NPC), China' s top legislature, said the consistent pressure from the United States is simply because of its pursuit of national interests."Over-fast appreciation of yuan does no good to the global economic recovery which is still fragile and uncertain," he said.Zhu Yuchen, also an NPC deputy, said as China plays a leading role in global economic recovery, any drastic policy change will not only impair China's economy, but also the global recovery, which is not a responsible way.President Obama's remarks also came a month ahead of a semiannual Treasury Department report that could label China as a currency manipulator.Premier Wen Jiabao said in the government work report delivered to the NPC on March 5 that China will keep the yuan "basically stable" at an "appropriate and balanced" level.HEFTY SURPLUS, BUT SLIM PROFITSAlthough China has accumulated massive trade surplus over the past decades, that does not indicate the same profits, as more than half of China's exporters are foreign invested, lawmakers said.Figures released by the Ministry of Commerce showed 55.2 percent of China's foreign trade was completed by foreign-invested businesses last year. And 56 percent of the exports were done by foreign companies in China.Cheng Enfu said China only pockets paper-thin profits from the very end of the manufacturing chain, or processing and assembling work. However, the United States earn handsome profits from designing and distribution.According to a study by researchers of the University of California, of the 299 U.S. dollars retail value of a 30-gigabyte video iPod in the United States, 163 U.S. dollars is captured by American companies and workers, and 132 U.S. dollars go to parts makers in other Asian countries, while the final assembly, done in China, cost only about 4 U.S. dollars a unit."Even though Chinese workers contribute only about 1 percent of the value of the iPod, the export of a finished iPod to the United States directly contributes about 150 U.S. dollars to our bilateral trade deficit with the Chinese," Hal R. Varian, a professor of the University of California at Berkeley, wrote on the New York Times on June 28, 2007.Cheng Enfu noted it needs to upgrade exports product mix to fundamentally reverse China's disadvantages. That is, to export more profitable self-innovative products, rather than labor-intensive processing goods.

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang on Thursday called for international efforts to promote the sound recovery and sustained development of the world economy in the post-crisis era.In a keynote speech delivered at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in the eastern Swiss ski resort of Davos, Li said the theme of the meeting "Rethink, Redesign, Rebuild" embodies the spirit of cooperation and innovation to discuss means of world economic development in the post-crisis era.He introduced the measures China had taken to deal with the international financial crisis, its achievements and China's intended follow-up economic policies.The vice premier said the crisis did not change the fundamentals and long-term positive trend of China's economic development.Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang delivers a speech in the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland, Jan. 28, 2010"Last year, we acted with resolve and confronted challenges head-on, and succeeded in ensuring steady and fast economic growth. As we draw plans for this year, we are confident that we can stay on top of the complicated situation and maintain steady and fast growth of the Chinese economy," said Li."Looking ahead, we are well positioned to achieve long-term, fast and steady economic growth."China needs to follow a scientific outlook on development -- accelerating essential transformation of economic growth pattern, intensifying strategic adjustment of economic structure and endeavoring to explore new development models, he told the world's leading business executives and political leaders.As a responsible and big developing country, China will stick to its unswerving path of peaceful development and mutually beneficial opening-up strategy, work together with other countries to promote the building of a harmonious world with sustained peace and common prosperity, he said.The international community had scored initial achievements by working together to cope with the financial crisis, which struck over a year ago, he said.Countries, whose fates are closely connected with each other, should further share responsibility and enhance cooperation under the complicated situation.Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang delivers a speech in the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland, Jan. 28, 2010. Li laid out a five-point proposal regarding world economic recovery and sustained development in the post-crisis era."First, we should continue to work together and prevail over the crisis. In a globalized world, the economies of all countries are interdependent and mutually reinforcing," said the Chinese vice premier.The policies of one country can well impact those of others. Only when global economic recovery is achieved can the recovery of national economies be secured, he said.The recent concerted responses by various countries have reduced the severe impact of the international financial crisis and prevented the occurrence of a serious recession, he said.The crisis is not over yet and the foundation for economic recovery is still weak. Continued cooperation among countries is needed to avoid twists and turns and reduce risks in the course of recovery, said Li."Second, we should promote more open market," Li said. The international community should firmly fight protectionist practices, translate commitments into real actions and continue to advance trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, he added."Third, we should promote balanced development of the world," said Li. Efforts should be made to strengthen South-South cooperation and North-South cooperation, improve international mechanisms to promote balanced development, scale up assistance to developing countries and realize the UN Millennium Development Goals on schedule so as to deliver the benefits of development to people in all countries."Fourth, we should jointly tackle major challenges. This is our urgent task if we want to ensure sound recovery and sustained development of the world economy," he said.The international community should coordinate actions to meet global challenges like climate change, energy security, food security, public health security and major natural disasters, he said."Fifth, we should improve the structure of global governance," Li said. It is universally recognized that there is a need to improve current structures and develop a more fair and efficient structure of global governance that reflects changes in the global political and economic landscape.The principle of equal participation and inclusive cooperation should be followed in improving global governance. It is imperative to raise the voice and representation of developing countries, said Li.Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang delivers a speech in the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland, Jan. 28, 2010A country's right to choose its own development model should be respected, and the primary role of the United Nations and relevant agencies and the constructive role of the Group of 20 should be given a better play, he said.

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhua) -- China's anti-corruption chief He Guoqiang has urged cadres of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to refrain from abusing their authority for illicit gain and to win public trust through clean governance.He, head of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, made the remarks in an article to be published Tuesday in Qiushi, or "Seeking Truth," the official magazine of the CPC Central Committee.Party leaders should strictly abide by the code of ethics for CPC cadres issued in January, another important regulation to ensure clean practice in Party cadres' work and prevent corruption, said He, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.Efforts should be intensified to tackle corruption-related problems, such as cadres using their power for illicit gains, privately engaging in profit-making activities, meddling in economic activities and using their influence to seek benefits for relatives, He saidThe CPC Central Committee issued the guideline specifying 52 unacceptable practices with respect to CPC leaders and cadres, including accepting cash or financial instruments as gifts, and using their influence to benefit their spouses, children or "special concerned persons" with regards to their employment, stock trading or business.

海口搜索引擎优化排名

DHAKA, March 14 (Xinhua) -- Bangladesh attaches great importance to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's upcoming visit to China, Foreign Minister Dipu Moni said here on Sunday."We attach great importance to prime minister's visit to China as Bangladesh and China are trusted friends. We have cordial and friendly relations," Moni said.Briefing reporters on the visit, Moni said that after the new government assumed power in January 2009, the Chinese government sent a special representative to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and expressed strong desire to work together.Moni said Bangladesh also wants to strengthen bilateral ties and cooperation with China .On the sidelines of the world climate change conference in Copenhagen last year, Hasina had meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and discussed bilateral issues of mutual interest.The foreign minister said apart from Sheikh Hasina's visit, a number of cultural exchange programs will take place this year marking the 35th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relations between Dhaka and Beijing.

BEIJING, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao mainly focused on domestic issues and challenges during his second annual online chat here Saturday with the public, in which he described 2010 as "the most complicated year" for the country.In the two-hour live webcast, Wen answered more than 20 questions, touching on the country's severe employment situation, fledgling economic recovery, soaring housing prices, inflation, corruption, and a cross-Strait economic pact. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) chats on-line with netizens at two state news portals in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 27, 2010. The two major portals, namely www.gov.cn of the central government, and www.xinhuanet.com of Xinhua News Agency, jointly interviewed Premier Wen on Saturday with chosen questions raised by netizensWen did not touch much on major international issues, except trade conflicts with the United States. The Premier vowed the country would keep open to the outside world when mentioning the up-coming Shanghai World Expo.In a white shirt and a dark jacket, Wen answered questions with "frankness and sincerity" as netizens described. Some scrupulous watchers even posted messages, saying that "He dressed exactly the same as in last year's online chat," which was also ahead of the country's annual Parliament session.In his opening remark, Wen said, "I do not feel so nervous this time, but still cherish this opportunity, as such kind of opportunities remain limited." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao chats on-line with netizens at two state news portals in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 27, 2010. The two major portals, namely www.gov.cn of the central government, and www.xinhuanet.com of Xinhua News Agency, jointly interviewed Premier Wen on Saturday with chosen questions raised by netizens"The problems of public concern often keep me up night after night, searching for solutions," he said.Noticing that both netizens' questions and premier's remarks focused on domestic issues in this high-profile event, observers said the phenomenon may exactly illustrate that China was still a developing country with numerous thorny issues of its own.The chat seems to support the belief of Chinese leaders that the country's most pressing task is to address domestic issues, they said.Wen did not talk too much about the widely concerned international affairs, such as climate change or the relations with neighboring countries.Prof. Zheng Yongnian, director of East Asia Institute of National University of Singapore said, "it is reasonable that China is paying more attention to domestic issues, as China's handling of domestic issues, if properly, is itself a contribution to the international society."The adroit handling of domestic issues is the foundation for China to hold other responsibilities in the international society, " he added.

BEIJING, Feb. 6 -- The Chinese government is looking at ways to protect consumer rights and develop common standards in the burgeoning pre-paid card industry.The popularity of the cards has flourished in recent years in major cities such as Shanghai and Beijing. In 2007, just four companies in Beijing issued them. Now more than 300 have been registered in the city with the People's Bank of China (PBOC).Complaints have also risen. In Shanghai, where the cards are used most, 4,800 people complained between January and November last year compared with 4,049 during the whole of 2008.Most complaints were about the cards' expiry, as money left on them is kept by some companies."I feel my money on the pre-paid card is very risky since I have to pay close attention to when it expires and try to spend all of it before that date or I will lose it. It's unfair to limit the time available to spend my own money," said Liu Xiaodan, a 26-year-old salesman.It's estimated that the total volume of money left on pre-paid cards after they expire is more than 100 million yuan in Shanghai. The figure for Beijing is not available.The PBOC will launch a series of supervisory regulations this year to oversee the operation of pre-paid card companies, said Zhang Wei, a financial industry analyst. "One of the most important aspects is the management of any money left on the card after it expires. Any investment of money on the cards either before or after they expire must be at zero risk."Fang Xinghai, the head of Shanghai Finance Office, said his organization worked closely with the PBOC to keep an eye on pre-paid card companies."We suggest that special accounts should be opened with the bank where the money on the cards is held to ensure it is safe," he said."If that happens, even if the company goes bust, the money will still be fixed in the account and the cardholders' rights will be protected."Warnings about the risks involved in using pre-paid cards are displayed on the Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce's website. Complaints about the cards tend to reach their peak during the Spring Festival, when many people buy them as gifts for friends and relatives.The first pre-paid card arrived in Beijing in 2002. Customers can deposit between 100 and 200,000 yuan on them for use at participating shops, restaurants and gyms.Some companies issue them to their employees as an extra benefit.Their popularity took off because they save the inconvenience of carrying money around and enable people to control spending, especially useful if they are given to children or housekeepers.However, the companies behind them are currently regarded as unspecified financial institutions by the PBOC and, as such, are not strictly regulated. That means people have few rights if the company goes bankrupt. They will no longer be able to use the cards, no matter how much money is on them, and will have difficulty reclaiming their cash.Cheng Xi, a 28-year-old engineer, said: "I received the pre-paid card as a gift but I would not buy one myself because I'm not familiar with the pre-paid card company and, if it goes bankrupt, my money would disappear."No matter how distinguished and reputable the company behind a card is, its most important challenge is to win clients' trust."Having a standard trademark like China UnionPay, which has a good reputation for reliability, is necessary for a company to distinguish it from those with a bad reputation. The company that wins the trust of most clients will be the biggest winner," said Clark Lin, a financial analyst at Thomson Reuters.Fu Dingsheng, a civil and business law expert at East China University of Political Science and Law, said: "Part of the pre-paid card company's capital should be classified as a guarantee deposit when the issuers register their companies. In that way consumers' rights can be met to some extent when a dispute occurs."Even though the prepaid card sector is an emerging industry with little or no supervision, the government is speeding up its oversight of the sector."PBOC is playing a leading role in the supervision of the industry. We regard this as an important task to complete in order to protect consumers' rights to the greatest extent," said Fang from Shanghai Finance Office.

苏州seo公司排名

BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese leaders joined lawmakers Thursday in discussions on the work report of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee.In the deliberation with lawmakers from northwest China's Qinghai Province, Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, said he totally agrees with the report.Li Changchun called on Qinghai authorities to further carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development and explore a new path of scientific and leapfrog development for underdeveloped regions.Li Changchun also told the deputies to step up efforts to promote core socialist values and ethnic unity.Vice Premier Li Keqiang joined the the discussion with lawmakers from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in which he underscored the transformation of economic growth pattern.Li Keqiang said the region should improve economic restructuring, reforms and innovation, as the current drive to transform the economic growth pattern offers a new historic opportunity for western regions.Li Keqiang also said he entirely endorses the work report of the NPC Standing Committee.In his discussion with deputies from Jilin Province, He Guoqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said the province should take advantage of national policies to boost its own development.When speaking of fighting corruption, He, also head of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC, urged more efforts to address the loudest complaints of the people, expand participation of the public, and strengthening the collection and analysis of online information.

BEIJING, Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- A severe drought has affected 69.6 million Mu (about 4.64 million hectares) of arable land and left 12.7 million people and 8.4 million livestock short of drinking water, said China's drought relief authorities Saturday.The figures nearly doubled the average level for corresponding periods over the past years, according to the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.The drought had caused huge losses and serious drinking water shortages in the affected areas, said Liu Ning, vice minister of water resources.Local governments have put 750 million yuan (110 million U.S. dollars) and mobilized nearly 9 million people to cope with the draught, which temporarily helped 7.4 million people and 3.6 million livestock out of drinking water shortages, Liu said.He called for prompt allocation of more relief funds from the central government and more efforts to ensure drinking water safety and spring irrigation.The dry spell started last autumn and has hit southwest, south and part of north China. The seriousness, duration, areas affected and losses are rarely seen in history, said the Ministry of Civil Affairs Friday.Severe drought would continue to ravage the already hard-stricken southwest China as no major rainfalls are expected in the next three days, the China Meteorological Administration warned Saturday.

山东seo排名

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhua) -- A leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Monday voiced his hope to boost exchanges between supervisory departments of China and Poland during a meeting with a delegation from the Supreme Camber of Control of Poland."The Chinese government attaches importance to international cooperation on fighting corruption, and is willing to make joint efforts with other countries in the field, " said He Guoqiang, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau.He, also secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), said China would uproot corruption and take measures to prevent its occurrence to maintain healthy social development.He Guoqiang (R), a member of the Standing Committee of the the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau and also secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), shakes hands with Jacek Jezierski, president of the Supreme Chamber of Control of Poland, in Beijing, capital of China, March 15, 2010.He told the Polish delegation, led by Jacek Jezierski, president of the Supreme Chamber of Control, that the Chinese government had set the economic growth target as 8 percent this year during the just-concluded session of the National People's Congress.China would speed up the transformation of the economic development model and optimize the economic structure to achieve quality of growth, he said.

BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhua) -- China's export is witnessing a steady recovery as shown by February figures, but uncertainties in the external market could still hamper the revival, political advisors said here Thursday.China's exports grew for the third straight month in February, up 45.7 percent year on year to 94.52 billion U.S. dollars, the General Administration of Customs announced Wednesday.The dramatic increase was a result of a lower comparison basis last year, said Ju Yalian, a member of the National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and also a senior foreign trade official in the eastern Zhejiang Province, one of the country's key export regions."But compared with figures in the corresponding period in 2008, when China's foreign trade was yet to be hit by the global financial crisis, we could still see a remarkable increase," she said on the sidelines of the ongoing annual session of the CPPCC National Committee, the top political advisory body.China's exports rose 8.2 percent in February from two years ago while imports were up 9.8 percent.The increase indicated the country's continued economic recovery, and a trend of recovery in foreign trade, she said.However, Ju warned that the recovery in export could bring pressure of yuan appreciation and possible trade disputes.Liang Yaowen, head of the Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of Guangdong, China's southern export powerhouse, also said that the condition is not "so optimistic", noting that China's foreign trade in February dropped 11.5 percent month on month.Commerce Minister Chen Deming said Saturday China's exports may need two or three years to return to the pre-crisis level, as "global recovery is still haunted by uncertainties.""Now it is still too early to say exports will see full-year growth this year," he said on the sidelines of the annual session of the National People's Congress (NPC), the country's top legislature.