医务工作者群众路线心得体会

浅析肾纤维化发病机制及研究进展

BEIJING, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- China's police departments should further standardize the procedure of law enforcement and build harmonious relations with the people, China's top police official said on Tuesday.     State Councilor Meng Jianzhu, also Minister of Public Security, said at a tele-conference with local public security heads that the police should "be fully aware of the challenge brought by the global financial crisis and try their best to maintain social stability."     Meng urged the police to further improve the way of law enforcement, using "a harmonious thinking to ease conflicts and a harmonious attitude to treat the people".     "You should let the people know the authority and dignity of the law, and meanwhile make them feel the care and warmth from the public security authorities," he said.     Earlier this month, Meng published an article in the journal of the Communist Party of China, Qiushi, or Seeking Truth, underscoring "the appropriate use of police force".     "In handling mass incidents, we must be clear that the chief tasks of the public security authorities are to maintain order on the scene, ease conflicts, avoid excessive steps and prevent the situation getting out of control," he wrote.     And the local officials must exercise caution in using police forces, weapons and coercive force, Meng said. "Incidents of bloodshed, injury and death should absolutely be avoided."     A violent protest, involving 30,000 people, broke out on June 28 in Weng'an County of southwest China's Guizhou Province. The protesters rampaged through government buildings and torched more than 160 offices and about 40 vehicles. More than 150 police and protesters were injured, most slightly, and no deaths were reported.     Provincial Party Chief Shi Zongyuan later blamed some local officials' "rude and roughshod solutions" to solve disputes over mines, the demolition of homes for public projects, the relocation of residents for reservoir construction and other issues.     "Some officials neglected their duties, but resorted to police force when any dispute happened, which led to strained relations between officials and the people, and police and the public," Shi said.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- China's economy cooled to its slowest pace in seven years in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year as the widening global financial crisis continued to affect the world's fastest-growing economy, official data showed Thursday.     Gross domestic product (GDP) reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, Ma Jiantang, director of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), told a press conference.     The 9-percent rate was the lowest since 2001, when an annual rate of 8.3 percent was recorded, and it was the first time China's GDP growth fell into the single-digit range since 2003.     The year-on-year growth rate for the fourth quarter slid to 6.8 percent from 9 percent in the third quarter and 9.9 percent for the first three quarters, according to Ma. Graphics shows China's gross domestic product (GDP) in the year of 2008, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Jan. 22, 2009. China's GDP reached 30.067 trillion yuan (4.4216 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2008, expanding 9 percent year-on-year.    Economic growth showed "an obvious correction" last year, but the full-year performance was still better than other countries affected by the global financial crisis, said Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, or cabinet.     He attributed the fourth-quarter weakness to reduced industrial output as inventories piled up amid sharply lower foreign demand.     Exports, which accounted for about one-third of GDP, fell 2.8 percent year-on-year to 111.16 billion U.S. dollars in December. Exports declined 2.2 percent in November from a year earlier.     Industrial output rose 12.9 percent year-on-year in 2008, down 5.6 percentage points from the previous year, said Ma.     SEEKING THE BOTTOM     Government economist Wang Xiaoguang said the 6.8-percent growth rate in the fourth quarter was not a sign of a "hard landing," just a necessary "adjustment" from previous rapid expansion.     "This round of downward adjustment won't bottom out in just a year or several quarters but might last two or three years, which is a normal situation," he said.     A report Thursday from London-based Standard Chartered Bank called the 6.8-percent growth in the fourth quarter "respectable" but said the data overall presented "a batch of mixed signals."     It said: "We probably saw zero real growth in the fourth quarter compared with the third quarter, and it could have been marginally negative."     The weakening economy has already had an impact on several Chinese industrial giants. Angang Steel Co. Ltd. (Ansteel), one of the top three steel producers, said Wednesday net profit fell 55 percent last year as steel prices plunged. It cited weakening demand late in the year.     However, officials and analysts said some positive signs surfaced in December, which they said indicated China could recover before other countries.     December figures on money supply, consumption, and industrial output showed some "positive changes" but whether they represented a trend was unclear, said Ma.     Outstanding local currency loans for December expanded by 771.8 billion yuan, up 723.3 billion from a year earlier, according to official data.     Real retail sales growth in December accelerated 0.8 percentage points from November to 17.4 percent. Industrial output also accelerated in December, up 0.3 percentage points from the annual rate of November.     Wang Qing, Morgan Stanley Asia chief economist for China, said GDP growth would hit a trough in the first or second quarter. China will perform better than most economies affected by the global crisis and gradually improve this year, he said.     Zhang also predicted the economy will touch bottom and start to recover later this year, depending on the performance in January and February.     Zhang forecast GDP growth of more than 8 percent for 2009, based on the assumption that domestic demand and accelerating urbanization would help cushion China from world economic conditions.     Wang Tongsan, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said whether GDP growth exceeds 8 percent this year depends on how the world economy performs and how well the government stimulus policies are implemented.     Ma characterized the "difficulties" China experienced in the fourth quarter as temporary, saying: "We should have the confidence to be the first country out of the crisis."     Overall, the economy maintained good momentum with fast growth, stable prices, optimized structures and improved living standards, said Ma.     China's performance was better than the average growth of 3.7 percent for the world economy last year, 1.4 percent for developed countries and 6.6 percent for developing and emerging economies, he said, citing estimates of the International Monetary Fund.     "With a 9-percent rate, China actually contributed more than 20 percent of global economic growth in 2008," said Ma.     He said the industrial structure became "more balanced" last year, with faster growth of investment and industrial output in the less-developed central and western regions than in the eastern areas.     Meanwhile, energy efficiency improved: energy intensity, the amount of energy it takes to produce a unit of GDP, fell 4.21 percent year-on-year in 2008, a larger decrease than the 3.66 percent recorded in 2007, said Ma.     WORRIES ABOUT CONSUMPTION     A slowing economy poses a concern for the authorities, which they have acknowledged several times in recent weeks, as rising unemployment could threaten social stability. It could also undermine consumer spending, which the government is counting on to offset weak external demand.     The government has maintained a target of 8 percent annual economic growth since 2005.     China announced a 4 trillion-yuan economic stimulus package in November aimed at boosting domestic demand.     Retail sales rose 21.6 percent in 2008, 4.8 percentage points more than in 2007, said Ma.     Ma said he believed domestic consumption would maintain rapid growth as long as personal incomes continue to increase and social security benefits improve.     Urban disposable incomes rose a real 8.4 percent last year, while those of rural Chinese went up 8 percent, he said.     Analysts have warned that consumption could be affected if low rates of inflation deteriorate into outright deflation and factory closures result in more jobless migrant workers.     The urban unemployment rate rose to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, up 0.2 percentage point year-on-year.     Ma said about 5 percent of 130 million migrant workers had returned to their rural homes since late 2008 because their employers closed down or suspended production. Other officials have said that 6.5 percent or even 10 percent of migrant workers have gone home after losing their jobs.

LIMA, Nov. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward proposals for dealing with major issues in international economic and social development and tackling the ongoing global financial crisis at the 16th APEC economic leaders' meeting here on Saturday. 　　ADDRESSING INT'L PROMINENT ISSUES     Hu presented five proposals for addressing the prominent issues in international economic and social development.     First, APEC member economies should build consensus and promote sound development of the multilateral trading regime, Hu said.     "A fair and open multilateral trading regime is conducive to the steady growth of regional and global trade, to the sound growth of the world economy and to the benefits of all parties," he said.     "We should have strong confidence in the multilateral trading regime and give strong support to the Doha Round negotiations," he added.     Second, APEC member economies should take up responsibilities and jointly tackle climate change, he stressed.     All parties should, in keeping with the requirement of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities," actively conduct negotiations for the implementation of the "Bali Roadmap" and take effective policy measures in light of their respective conditions to mitigate climate change.     Third, exchanges and cooperation should be conducted and efforts joined to combat natural disasters, Hu said.     In order to increase exchanges and cooperation in disaster response in the Asia-Pacific region, China has put forward the APEC Principles on Disaster Response and Cooperation this year, he said.     "It is also our hope that APEC members will consider carrying out long-term cooperation projects in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction so as to deepen APEC cooperation in disaster prevention and relief," he added.     Fourth, regulation and guidance should be enhanced and corporate social responsibility strengthened, he said.     "An important lesson we have learned from the ongoing financial crisis is that while trying to maximize economic returns, enterprises should follow a prudent, well-thought-out and responsible approach in market operations," he added.     Fifth, APEC members should take coordinated actions and ensure world food and energy security, Hu emphasized.     "We should, following the principle of common development, actively and effectively coordinate our policies and resort to a variety of joint measures to safeguard world food and energy security," he said.     "We should establish and act on a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diverse forms of development and common energy security through coordination," he added.     TACKLING FINANCIAL CRISIS     "The rapidly-spreading international financial crisis, with its extensive impact, constitutes the most severe challenge confronting world economic growth," Hu said.     It is a major and urgent task for all countries and regions to deal effectively with financial risks, maintain international financial stability and promote world economic development, he added, lodging three proposals.     First, to curb the worsening financial crisis, all countries should take prompt and effective measures, enhance macroeconomic policy coordination, improve information sharing, help each other as much as possible, and employ all necessary fiscal and monetary means to stop the spread and development of the financial crisis, bring stability to global financial markets, stimulate economic growth, minimize the damage of the financial crisis on the real economy and avoid a global economic recession.     Second, the international community should earnestly draw lessons from the ongoing financial crisis and, based on full consultations among all stakeholders, undertake necessary reform of the international financial system in a comprehensive, balanced, incremental and result-oriented way, with a view to establishing anew international financial order that is fair, just, inclusive and orderly and fostering an institutional environment conducive to sound global economic development.     "The reform of the international financial system should both reflect the general law and principles of financial regulation and take into account the specific development stage and unique features of different economies," he said.     It should seek a balance among the interests of all parties and reflects, in particular, the interests of emerging markets and developing countries, he added.     Third, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to change those models of economic growth that are not sustainable and to address the underlying problems in member economies.     "We should also pay adequate attention to the impact of the financial crisis on the developing world and provide necessary support to relevant countries to help them maintain growth momentum," he pointed out. 　　APEC'S FURTHER DEVELOPMENT     On APEC's development, President Hu said China is ready to work with other APEC members to promote its further development.     Since its launch almost 20 years ago, APEC has done a great deal in promoting trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and economic and technical cooperation, thus making positive contribution to regional economic integration and the building of an Asia-Pacific family, President Hu said.     The host of major reform measures adopted within the APEC framework in recent years have improved APEC's organizing and coordinating capabilities and significantly enhanced the dynamism and efficiency of APEC cooperation, Hu said.     To promote the further development of APEC, "we should maintain the nature of APEC as a forum for economic cooperation and its approach of conducting cooperation on a non-binding basis, as this best suits the diversity prevailing in the Asia-Pacific," the Chinese president said.     He said that the APEC members should continue to promote balanced progress in economic and technical cooperation and trade and investment liberalization.     "In particular, we should increase input in economic and technical cooperation to enhance capacity-building in developing members and narrow the development gap."     Hu arrived here on Wednesday for a state visit to Peru and the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).     The APEC economic leaders' meeting opened in Lima on Saturday to discuss such issues as the ongoing global financial crisis, the Doha Round trade talks and food security.     The two-day meeting would also discuss the APEC regional economic integration, corporate social responsibility, human security, APEC institutional reform, trade and investment, structural reform, anti-corruption and transparency, economic and technical cooperation, and climate change.

杭州seo名录

BEIJING, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- China's economy is in good shape despite the changing economic environment, and it will maintain stable and relatively fast growth, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) chief Ma Jiantang told Xinhua on Sunday.     "The fundamentals of China's economy remain unchanged despite the changing world economic environment," the new NBS director said. "We should be confident about the country's economic outlook."     The world's fastest economic growth rate, successful commodity price controls, increasing foreign exchange reserves and good employment rates were the factors to support the economic fundamentals, said Ma.     The consumer price index (CPI), the main gauge of inflation, eased to 4.6 percent in September from the same period last year. It hit a 12-year high of 8.7 percent in February.     The country's gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 9.9 percent in the first three quarters, 2.3 percentage points down from the same period last year.     The slowdown was a result of combined effects, including the global financial crisis, the world economic downturn and severe domestic natural disasters, Ma said.     However, he said, "We should be confident about the country's economic outlook." The country had rich resource reserves, great market potential, vigorous enterprises and the government had strong macro-control abilities.     The government had made a series of macro-economic policy adjustments against the changing economic environment, which would guarantee a steady and sound economic development, he said.

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- China's rural areas have the biggest potential in boosting domestic demand, said Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan during visits to the countryside concluded on Tuesday.     China should "especially place priority on tapping the rural market and developing the countryside" when spreading global financial crisis blunted the country's economic growth, said Wang.     He made the remarks when visiting towns, rural stores and farmers in central China's Henan Province on Monday and Tuesday.     More chain stores should be set up in the countryside to facilitate rural consumption, Wang said.     He also urged local officials to well implement policies to subsidize farmers' purchase of home appliances.     Financial institutions should develop more services targeting the need of farmers and rural enterprises, he said.     In its latest effort to boost rural consumption, China has decided to roll out a 13-percent subsidy nationwide for farmers who buy home appliances, starting from Feb. 1.     China has announced a 4 trillion-yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) fiscal package to stimulate domestic demand.

Li Changchun (5th R, 2nd row), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, poses for photos with artists after a concert celebrating 30 years' reform and opening-up in Beijing Dec. 10, 2008. (Xinhua Photo)    BEIJING, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, watched on Wednesday night a performance that marked the 30th anniversary of the country's reform and opening-up.     The concert in Beijing featured poem recitation and chorus of songs as an ode to the achievements China has made in the past 30 years.     It was one of a series of performances organized by the China Literature and Arts Federation to commemorate the anniversary.     Liu Yunshan, member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department, and State Councilor Liu Yandong also attended the event.

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TAIPEI, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- The United Daily News, one of the biggest newspapers in Taiwan, said in an editorial on Friday that the six proposals put forward by Hu Jintao on the cross-Straits relationship are "positive" and "explicit".     The editorial said that people in Taiwan mostly hold positive opinions about the six proposals, made by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Hu Jintao on New Year's Eve, and see goodwill and understanding in them.     It noted that in Hu's address, he shows understanding that "Taiwan consciousness" does not equal to "Taiwan independence consciousness". In addition, Hu also said the mainland is willing to discuss with Taiwan "proper and reasonable arrangements" for Taiwan's participation in activities of international organizations as long as such activity does not create a scenario of "two Chinas" or "one China and one Taiwan." Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses a ceremony commemorating the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, held in Beijing, capital of China, on Dec. 31, 2008. The Chinese mainland commemorated the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan here Wednesday with a ceremony.     Hu made the six proposals on promoting the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship in his speech to commemorate the30th anniversary of the mainland's "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan."     He called for increased communication and exchange in all areas and said the mainland would actively respond to any constructive proposals that would boost the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship.     Hu said the two sides could step up contacts and exchanges on military issues "at an appropriate time" and discuss establishing a mechanism to boost mutual trust on military security.

DESTROYER WUHAN, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese naval fleet sailed into the Strait of Malacca on Monday after its departure from China's southernmost island province of Hainan on an escort mission against piracy off Somalia Friday afternoon.     The fleet sailed into Singapore Strait Monday morning after over 20 hours' voyage from the South China Sea and arrived at the Strait of Malacca. It is expected to reach the Indian Ocean Tuesday.     The convoy, which includes two of China's most sophisticated naval destroyers, DDG-169 Wuhan and DDG-171 Haikou, and a supply ship Weishanhu, is heading for the Gulf of Aden to join a multinational patrol in one of the world's busiest sea lanes where surging piracy endangers international shipping. A helicopter of the Chinese naval fleet attends a landing exercise at night on Dec. 28, 2008, while the Chinese naval fleet heads for the Gulf of Aden. The Chinese naval fleet including two destroyers and a supply ship set off on Dec. 26 for waters off Somalia for an escort mission against piracy.     The fleet carries about 800 crew members, including 70 soldiers from the Navy's special force, and is equipped with missiles, cannons and light weapons.     The recent pirate attack on a Chinese fishing vessel has raised great concern of the Chinese government and people. Statistics showed that some 1,265 Chinese commercial vessels had passed through the gulf so far this year and seven had been attacked.     The UN Security Council has adopted four resolutions calling on all countries and regions to help patrol the gulf and waters off Somalia since June. The latest resolution authorized countries to take all necessary measures in Somalia, including in its airspace to stop the pirates. A helicopter of the Chinese naval fleet attends a landing exercise at night on Dec. 28, 2008, while the Chinese naval fleet heads for the Gulf of Aden. The Chinese naval fleet including two destroyers and a supply ship set off on Dec. 26 for waters off Somalia for an escort mission against piracy.

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ALGIERS, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- China and Algeria voiced commitment here Wednesday to step up bilateral strategic and cooperative relations and called for intensified cooperation in fields such as infrastructure, energy and resource exploration.     In his meeting with Algerian Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia, visiting Chinese top legislator Wu Bangguo called Algeria as "an important cooperation partner," noting that China highly values its strategic and cooperative relations with Algeria.     China and Algeria are both developing countries and share common aspiration to develop their economies to improve the welfare of their peoples, said Wu, Chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC).     He noted that China will join hands with the Algerian side to cement the bilateral cooperation in long-term and strategic perspectives.     He proposed the two nations should work closer in fields such as infrastructure construction, energy, resource exploration and establish an economic and trade cooperation zone.     "We should encourage our enterprises to work together on some big and important projects to improve the quality and level of the China-Algeria cooperation," Wu added.     "The Chinese government will encourage Chinese enterprises to establish business and invest in Algeria, adopt open policy on technology transfer to Algeria and launch various training programs for Algerian personnel in an effort to contribute to Algeria's economic structure adjustment and employment enlargement," the Chinese top legislator said.     Agreeing with Wu's proposal, Ouyahia said that the Algerian government has a sincere will to learn from China and boost bilateral cooperation and mutual investment to help the country's economic transformation and realize sustainable development. Wu Bangguo (L), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, meets with Algerian Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on Nov. 5, 2008The Algerian government would create bigger space and better conditions for Chinese companies to start their business in Algeria, the prime minister promised.     Wu also met with Abdelkader Bensalah, President of Algerian Council of the Nation, on Wednesday.     Wu said his visit has realized the purpose of promoting the inter-parliamentary cooperation with Algerian parliament and boosting the bilateral strategic and cooperative relations.     "We have become brothers on political issues, good partners in trade, and good friends with close coordination on world affairs," Wu recognized.     He also reaffirmed the NPC's willingness to share its experience with the Algerian Council of the Nation on issues concerning legislation and national development in an aim to boost substantial cooperation and promote friendship between the two peoples. Wu Bangguo (L Front), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, meets with the President of Algerian Council of the Nation Abdelkader Bensalah (R Front) in Algiers, capital of Algeria, on Nov. 5, 2008Bensalah highlighted that the achievement China scored in its national economic and social development is a living proof to the world of the success of the country's opening-up policy.     The Algerian Council of the Nation hopes to step up its friendly exchange and cooperation with the NPC, Bensalah said.     Algeria is the first leg of Wu's five-nation Africa tour which will also take him to Gabon, Ethiopia, Madagascar and Seychelles.

BEIJING, Oct. 25 (Xinhua) -- The two-day 7th Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was concluded here Saturday with participants reaching consensus on global financial crisis and other issues.     The meeting, attended by leaders and representatives from 45 Asian and European nations and organizations, realized its expected goal and was a great success, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in a closing speech.     As one of the most fruitful achievements, a statement of the 7th ASEM on the international financial situation was adopted at the meeting. The two-day 7th Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was concluded at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Oct. 25, 2008.    "Leaders believed that authorities of all countries should demonstrate vision and resolution and take firm, decisive and effective measures in a responsible and timely manner to rise to the challenge of the financial crisis," said the statement.     The international community should continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation and take effective and available economic and financial measures in a comprehensive way to restore market confidence, stabilize global financial markets and promote global economic growth, it said.     According to the document, leaders supported the convening of an international summit on Nov. 15 in the United States to address the current crisis and principles of reform of the international financial system.     The summit also adopted a declaration on sustainable development.     "The adoption of various cooperation proposals shows and proves again the interior impetus for strengthening dialogue at the ASEM and great potential for extending cooperation," Wen said.     Amid the global financial turmoil, the ASEM has been widely regarded as an opportunity for Asian and European leaders to find a solution.     French President Nicholas Sarkozy called the meeting very "helpful" for Asia and Europe to tackle the global financial crisis and build up common cause.     "We had discussed nearly all of the topics concerned by the two continents including the most difficult issues," he said at a press conference at the end of the meeting.     Premier Wen told the press conference the need of confidence, cooperation and responsibility to find a solution to the global financial meltdown.     "We are glad to see that many countries have made their efforts and achieved some results. But it is not enough as we now see it, and more endeavors are needed," said Wen.     All countries, especially developed ones, should take measures as soon as possible to stabilize the financial market and build public confidence, he said.     Financial innovation could help develop the economy, but financial supervision is even more important for the security of the financial system, he added.     The premier also declared that China would actively attend the Nov.15 financial summit.