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BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Sunday called for a "new chapter" of the development of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) air force.     Hu met with representatives of senior officers, role models and pilots of the PLA air force. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L front) meets with heroes of the Chinese Air Force on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of China Air Force in Beijing, China, Nov. 8, 2009The PLA air force have made huge progress in its own development over the past six decades, with remarkable contributions to the protection of China's sovereignty, safety, territorial integrity as well as to the socialist modernization of the country, Hu said.     China's national defense and the modernization of its army are facing new situations and new tasks, Hu said.     The air force have also entered a key phase of development, Hu said, urging them to develop systematic capabilities for both offensive and defensive operations.     This year marks the 60th founding anniversary of the PLA air force

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- China's manufacturing sector continued to grow for the ninth straight month in November, according to a survey by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (CFLP) on Tuesday.     The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of China's manufacturing sector stood at 55.2 percent in November, unchanged from the previous month, the CFLP said.     It was the ninth straight month that the PMI reading stayed above 50.     A reading of above 50 suggests expansion, while one below 50 indicates contraction. The PMI includes a package of indices that measure economic performance.     Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, said the unchanged PMI index from the month before might suggest a stable recovery of China's economy.     He expected government investment would see gradual reduction, while investment from the private sector might increase. Exports would go up, but not in a drastic rise, he said.     In November, new order index and output index both held steady from figures in the previous month at 58.4 percent and 59.4 percent, respectively, according to the CFLP.     New export order index was 53.6 percent, down by 0.9 percentage points compared to November while purchasing price index rose by 6.5 percentage points to 63.4 percent.     Only three out of the 20 surveyed sectors reported a PMI index reading below 50, which were paper making and printing, oil processing, and beverages making.

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BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- The vice foreign minister on Thursday hailed Vice Premier Li Keqiang's official visit to Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea as "very fruitful," calling it a major diplomatic activity of China with the South Pacific region.     Li's official visit to the three countries from Oct. 29 to Nov.5 was of great significance to the development of friendly cooperative relations between China and the three nations, He Yafei said.     CONSOLIDATING POLITICAL BASIS OF BILATERAL TIES     He said that, during the visit, Li met with Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard, and they reached important consensus on the development of China-Australia ties.     Both sides agreed to view their relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective because the importance of China-Australia cooperation is becoming increasingly prominent.     They also agreed to respect and take into full consideration the core interests and major concerns of each country, properly handle sensitive issues and strive to promote sound, steady growth of bilateral relations, He said.     Australia reiterated its respect for China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and a joint statement was released by China and Australia to strengthen their practical cooperation for mutual benefits.     During his visit to New Zealand, Li met with Prime Minister John Key and Deputy Prime Minister Bill English. They stressed the strategic significance of developing bilateral ties in an active and comprehensive manner and strengthening pragmatic cooperation in various fields.     The New Zealand leaders reiterated that they respected China's stance on issues concerning China's core interests such as Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang.     During his visit to Papua New Guinea, Li held talks with Governor General Paulias Matane, Prime Minister Michael Thomas Somare and Deputy Prime Minister Puka Temu.     They pledged to consolidate the traditional friendship between the two countries, promote bilateral cooperation and support each other to advance their relationship. The leaders of Papua New Guinea reiterated their staunch adherence to the one-China policy. 　　PROMOTING MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL TRADE & ECONOMIC COOPERATION     Li and leaders of the three nations stressed that their economies were highly complementary, and deepening mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation was in line with the fundamental interests of both sides.     They agreed to adopt a strategic approach in their trade and economic cooperation, pledging to actively expand cooperation in technology, new energy, bio-medicine, and environmental protection while promoting cooperation in traditional areas such as energy, mineral resources and agriculture.     Australia expressed willingness to become China's strategic partner in the areas of resources and energy. Both sides agreed to promote the negotiation process of the Free Trade Agreement based upon the principle of positive cooperation, pragmatism, balance and mutual benefits. During Li's visit, the two countries signed two cooperation agreements in telecommunications.     Before and during Li's visit, Australiat approved the application by China's Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd to acquire full ownership of Felix Resources Ltd.     Australia also approved China's Baosteel Group's second-version application for investing 285 million Australian dollars to acquire a 15-percent stake in Aquila Resources, an Australian coal and iron ore producer.     During his visit, Li and New Zealand leaders agreed to continue to implement the free trade pact between the two countries, and to expand the scale of cooperation in trade and economy.     The two countries signed a series of cooperation agreements on food security, inspection and quarantine and Chinese workers seeking temporary jobs in the island nation.     The leaders of Papua New Guinea said they were willing to advance cooperation with China in some traditional areas such as agriculture, forestry and fishery as well as in energy and resources.     During Li's visit, the two countries signed agreements on economic and technological cooperation as well as on preferential loans.     ENHANCING CULTURAL EXCHANGES     Li also reached consensus with leaders from the three nations on further enhancing friendly cultural exchanges and cooperation and promoting people-to-people links in such fields as education, culture and tourism.     The Chinese delegation endorsed plans with the Australian side for the Year of Australian culture in China in 2010-2011 and the Year of Chinese Culture in Australia in 2011-2012.     Li also said that China would provide a pair of giant pandas to Australia within the year for research purposes.     China signed MOUs with Australia and New Zealand on education and cooperative training programs during Li's visits, and also established a Confucius Institute with Canterbury University in New Zealand.     The Chinese leader also pledged assistance to the three nations in their participation in Shanghai World Expo in 2010.     PROMOTING MULTILATERAL COOPERATION     All three nations spoke highly of China's positive efforts and constructive role in dealing with major issues such as the global financial crisis and climate change.     Li agreed with the leaders from Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea to further promote negotiation, coordination and cooperation in coping with major issues and in multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.     DEEPENING UNDERSTANDING OF CHINA     In his speech to Australian industrial and business leaders, Li made a comprehensive introduction of China's stand and achievement in countering the global financial crisis.     He made clear China's sticking to a path of peaceful development and its adherence to a strategy of opening up that is mutually beneficial.     Li also advanced a three-point proposal on consolidating the China-Australia relationship, which included observing China-Australia relations from a strategic perspective, promoting pragmatic bilateral cooperation in trade and the economy based upon the two countries' complementary strengths, and advancing cultural exchanges in a harmonious and friendly fashion.     The Chinese leader also conducted extensive exchanges with government leaders, managers from enterprises, institutions of higher education, research bodies and media during his visit.     According to He, Li's visit to Papua New Guinea was a show of China's positive attitude toward strengthening relations with Pacific island nations.     China and the Pacific island nations share many common interests and are firm supporters of each other in various major global and regional issues and in international organizations such as the U.N., He said.     China's relations with the Pacific island nations have developed rapidly in recent years, and constitute an important part of China's relationship with other developing countries, He said, adding that two-way trade volume reached 1.76 billion U.S. dollars in 2008.     He said China has been providing a series of economic and technical assistance to countries having established diplomatic relations with China in the region.     China has helped them in infrastructure construction, sent professionals to the region to help develop their economy and carried out numerous training programs, He said.     All those efforts are strong proof that the development of the relationship between China and the Pacific island nations is beneficial to all and has a promising future, He said.

BEIJING, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) -- China should keep home prices from long time "abnormal increases" and divert profits made from home price hikes to the public through taxation, a senior property official said here Friday.     Dong Zuoji, director of land planning department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said home prices would continue to rise as the land in the world's fastest-growing economy is becoming increasingly scarce, but the government should use taxes to give the added value of the land back to society.     "China hasn't seen overcapacity in real estate sector on the whole, otherwise home prices wouldn't have gained so much," he said while attending a meeting held in Beijing.     Dong said the government would increase land supply for subsidized homes and adopt measures to prevent developers from hoarding land.     The government would also guarantee land use for high-tech, high added-value enterprises while limiting that of backward production projects.     Due to a series of supportive measures adopted by the government, China's property sector rebounded strongly this year. Home prices in 70 large and medium-sized cities rose for the eight straight month in October.     Average house price in Beijing surged 43.7 percent in July from that of January, to 14,500 yuan per square meter, Golden Keys, a property agent said on July 17.

BEIJING, Dec. 16 -- Premier Wen Jiabao will leave for Copenhagen this afternoon, hoping to help seal a fair and effective climate change deal for the planet and secure China's emission rights.     Wen will join world leaders, including US President Barack Obama, at the United Nations climate change conference in Oslo for its crucial last two days. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yu Tuesday said he is likely to meet state leaders from India, Brazil and South Africa, among others.     "China, as a developing country, will make its due contribution to the UN conference," said Jiang.     It is not yet known whether Wen and Obama will meet on the fringes of the conference but he has worked the phones relentlessly in the past 10 days, calling as many as 10 world leaders and UN chief Ban Ki-moon in an attempt to secure a workable agreement.     Chinese officials have also had important meetings in recent days with negotiators from many countries, including representatives from the United Kingdom and Germany.     But during the past 10 days, China and the US have not held any official meetings at any level in respect to climate change.     If Wen and Obama do get the chance to meet, they will likely have lots to talk about - the US recently urged China to accept a binding carbon reduction target and said it will not provide financial support to Beijing for climate initiatives.     China, meanwhile, called on the US to set a more ambitious target for emissions reduction after Washington promised to cut them by around 4 percent by 2020 from the 1990 base. Developing countries had urged the US and wealthy countries to slash emissions by 40 percent.     Experts have called on the US and China to narrow their differences in a bid to ensure the conference is a success.     Experts played down the likelihood of the world achieving an ambitious global treaty in Copenhagen but said Wen will defend China's status as a developing country and protect its right to economic expansion in the future.     Jiang said the summit has seen both conflicts and achievements.     She said the main stumbling block to real progress has been the reluctance of developed nations to hand over funding and technical support to developing nations that they promised in earlier agreements.     "If they abandon the principles of the Bali Road Map and the Kyoto Protocol, it will have a negative impact and hamper the conference," Jiang said.     She added that China supports the contention that some smaller developing island countries and African countries are in the most urgent need of funding support and should get help first.     But the spokesperson stressed that developed countries have a legal obligation to help all developing countries.     Huang Shengchu, president of the China Coal Information Institute, said the fact that Wen will be in Copenhagen shows the determination of the Chinese government to secure a good deal.     Zhang Haibin, an environmental politics professor at Peking University, said the presence of leaders such as Wen will inject hope that a deal can be found.     "It demonstrates the leaders' will to take up the responsibility to rescue the whole of human kind," said Zhang. "However, because of the nature of world politics, the chances of reaching an effective and ambitious agreement, in the end, are slim."     John Sayer, director of Oxfam Hong Kong, said many developing countries, including China, India, Brazil and South Africa, have voluntarily offered to cut emissions. China recently said it will reduce its carbon intensity by between 40 and 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 base level.     However, as Zhang pointed out, some US experts, instead of welcoming such offers, have called on China to let international organizations verify that emissions are indeed falling.     Daniel Dudek, chief economist with the US Environmental Defense Fund, said the world seems to be unsure about whether China is serious about cutting emissions and achieving a good post-Kyoto deal.     "I think that people want to be reassured that China wants to achieve an agreement at Copenhagen and that China values moving forward on climate change more than winning its negotiating positions," he said.

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SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama on Monday called on the Chinese and U.S. governments to strengthen cooperation in dealing with such global challenges as climate change.     "There are very few global challenges that can be solved unless China and the United States agree," he stressed while answering a question at a town hall with Chinese students in Shanghai, the first stop of his four-day China tour.     As the world's two largest greenhouse gas emitters, the United States and China should assume the responsibility to curb greenhouse gas emissions, he said.     "Unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it," Obama said.     The president called on world leaders to strike a deal at the December Copenhagen conference during which they would make differentiated commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     China should not take the same obligations as the United States since it has a much larger population living in poverty, he said.     Climate change is expected to be one of the main topics at the upcoming meeting between Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao.     President Hu promised at a September UN climate summit in New York that China would cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product by "a notable margin" by 2020 from the 2005level.     Obama has said he wants to cut U.S. emissions back to 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 percent further by 2050, but the U.S. Congress was unlikely to complete climate legislation by the time of Copenhagen, due to great political challenges in the midst of a recession with high unemployment and other domestic priorities.     According to U.S. top negotiator Jonathan Pershing, it would be difficult for the U.S. to pledge an emissions target without legislation by Congress, therefore a new pact to combat global warming is a forlorn hope for Copenhagen.     The Dec. 7-18 Copenhagen meeting, which is expected to bring together leaders from 190 countries, aims to renew greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, due to expire in 2012. 

GENEVA, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming on Monday called on the Seventh WTO Ministerial Conference to send a positive signal to the world to help stabilize and improve the crisis-hit global economy.     "Today at this gathering we should send a positive signal to the rest of the world, a signal to 'open up, advance and reform,'" Chen said at the opening plenary of the three-day conference, which was participated by trade and agriculture ministers from most of the 153 WTO members.     "Now the global economy has shown signs of stabilizing and improving, but the foundation for the turnaround is not solid. The road to complete recovery remains long and winding," Chen said.     He stressed the importance of trade opening and resisting protectionist pressures for world recovery. "We should not close our doors for fear of risks or challenges."     "As long as WTO members can form consensus to stand by their WTO commitments, not adopt protectionist measures and remain open, we will be able to gather enormous strength to tide over the crisis," he said.     The minister also stressed the need to advance the long-running Doha Round global trade negotiations as a way to reform and enhance the multilateral trade system.     Eight years after its launch with a primary goal to help poor countries prosper through trade opening, the complex Doha Round is still not in its endgame because WTO members cannot narrow gaps on such key issues as agricultural tariffs, subsidies and industrial market access.     After several missed deadlines, WTO members have set a latest deadline for concluding the Round in 2010.     Chen stressed that progress made in the past eight years, as reflected in the agriculture and NAMA (non-agricultural market access) texts as of December 2008, "is hard won, and cannot be overturned for any excuse."     He also called for respecting the Doha Round's development mandate and keeping multilateral negotiations as the major channel." Then it is hopeful that the talks can be successfully concluded in 2010."     According to the Chinese minister, the WTO, as the only institutional arrangement governing global trade, needs necessary reform to improve its rules and functions, broaden its influence over other important international coordinating mechanisms, and assume a greater responsibility and role in governing global economy.     The organization should reform toward the direction of promoting sustainable development, Chen said.     It also needs to step up efforts in Aid for Trade and trade finance, while advancing trade liberalization. As a result, developing countries, especially LDCs (Least Developed Countries),can gain real benefits from globalization, he added.

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BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said here on Tuesday that the key to Sino-U.S. relations was to mutually respect and accomodate each other's core interests and major concerns while differences from different national conditions were normal.     "The China-U.S. relations are very important. Maintaining and promoting such ties is a shared responsibility of both sides," Hu told reporters here after meeting visiting U.S. President Barack Obama.     China is ready to work together with the United States to push forward the continuous, healthy and stable development of Sino-U.S. relations to better serve the interests of the two peoples and the people around the world, said the Chinese leader.     Hu said that the two sides have reaffirmed the "cardinal principle" of "mutually respecting national sovereignty and territorial integrity" and voiced opposition to any attempt by any force that violates this principle.     He said that China appreciates President Obama's support for the one-China policy and the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques, and his respect for China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity on the Taiwan issue and other matters.     "We have both agreed to conduct dialogues and exchanges on issues including human rights and religion, in the spirit of equality, mutual respect and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, so as to boost understanding, mitigate differences and broaden consensus," Hu said. 

BEIJING, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao encouraged HIV/AIDS sufferers to live on with hope and confidence during his visit to a Beijing hospital on the World AIDS Day, which falls on Tuesday. At the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon in Ditan Hospital, Wen and Vice Premier Li Keqiang visited two AIDS patients and medical volunteers, experts.     Since China reported its first AIDS case in 1985, the world's most populous nation had recorded 319,877 HIV/AIDS cases and 49,845 deaths by October, according to the Ministry of Health. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (3rd L) and Vice Premier Li Keqiang (4th L) listen to HIV researchers' speech during their visit at the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon in Ditan Hospital in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 1, 2009    Yet, the statistics only include cases reported by medical facilities. The ministry and the UNAIDS estimate that China will have 560,000 to 920,000 living HIV carriers, with 97,000 to 112,000 AIDS patients by the end of 2009.     Over the past six consecutive years, Premier Wen inspected HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment work every year and even invited orphans whose parents died of AIDS to tour Zhongnanhai, a compound of buildings for the central authorities in the heart of Beijing.     At the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon on Tuesday, Wen put on a red ribbon, the awareness symbol for the fight against AIDS, and shook hands with two HIV carriers, who are also instructors there.     Wen said that attention should be paid to AIDS prevention not only on the World AIDS Day, but also in daily life and work. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (front C) shakes hands with a German HIV expert while Vice Premier Li Keqiang (3rd R) looks on at the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon in Ditan Hospital in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 1, 2009    Lao Zhao, an HIV sufferer, told Premier Wen that he was diagnosed HIV positive in 2003 and has received medical treatment thanks to the country's policy of "four frees, one care".     Since the end of 2003, the Chinese government has carried out the policy "four frees, one care" including free blood tests for those with HIV, free education for orphans of AIDS patients and free consultation, screening tests and antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women.     Premier Wen told Lao Zhao that the AIDS patients should keep an optimistic mood, self-confidence and persist in taking the anti-AIDS medicine and therapy.     Wen also encouraged Lao Zhao and other AIDS patients to provide psychological counseling for their ward mates and exchange their therapy experience for mutual encouragement.     "The efforts of the volunteers and the fellow patients will reduce psychological pressure of HIV/AIDS sufferers and help them establish self-confidence so as to live on with optimistic attitude and fight against the disease," Wen said.     The government's "four frees, one care" policy is meant to arouse attention to the AIDS patients and instead of discriminating against them, create an atmosphere that cares about AIDS patients, Wen said.     The Premier also encouraged the volunteers working at the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon to provide more help to the AIDS patients with heart and soul.     In meeting with medical staff and HIV researchers, Premier Wen said that the AIDS is a serious health issue as well as a social issue that the world is facing.     Wen pointed out five measures to prevent and control the disease. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R, rear) and Vice Premier Li Keqiang (3rd R, rear) talk with AIDS patients and medical volunteers, experts at the Beijing Home of Red Ribbon in Ditan Hospital in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 1, 2009First, beefing up the prevention knowledge spread among the people and improve medical treatment service.     Second, strengthening AIDS/HIV epidemic monitoring work to accurately learn about the situation..     Third, further implementing the "four frees, one care" policy to ensure all HIV carriers and AIDS patients are cared for and respected.     Fourth, enlarging the coverage of social interference concerning the disease.     Fifth, beefing up research work to improve prevention and treatment capabilities.     Chinese President Hu Jintao pledged mobilizing the whole society to improve AIDS/HIV control, when speaking to a gathering of AIDS prevention volunteers on Monday, a day before the 22nd World AIDS Day.